基于拟剧论视角的法庭冲突话语研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 05:14

本文关键词： 法庭冲突话语拟剧论目的原则法庭互动　出处：《中南民族大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冲突话语作为一种普遍而复杂的语言现象,在社会互动中既是不可避免的,又是不容忽视的。一方话语与另一方话语发生冲突,这种冲突表现为交际的一方反对另一方的言行、举止,或双方持有不同意见,继而产生冲突话语。由于语料难以获取等因素的制约,冲突话语研究长期以来并没有受到语言学界的足够重视。近年来国内外的冲突话语研究呈方兴未艾之势,其研究领域涉及到医患话语、法庭话语等机构话语。作为法律语言学的一个重要的分支学科,法庭话语研究近年来受到了越来越多的关注。冲突话语是法庭互动中普遍存在的现象,和社会互动理论紧密相关。以往大部分的冲突话语研究仅局限于语言学学科内部的纵向考察,从戈夫曼的拟剧论(Dramaturgical Theory)的角度探究法庭冲突话语的研究较为少见。本文通过定性分析,主要从社会学中拟剧论的视角出发来宏观分析法庭冲突话语的结构。拟剧论是以戏剧要素为样板来诠释日常生活中的社会互动行为,也就是将社会互动比拟成一系列的表演。在某一社会互动中,表演者被赋予各种不同的角色,其行为举止应符合他人的期望,个人也会随着情境与观众的要求而调整形象。在法庭互动中,如何利用拟剧论的理论框架来分析法庭冲突话语的结构和特点是本文的目的所在。本文以拟剧论为基础,从前台区域(front region)、后台区域(back region)、戏剧理想化(dramatic realization)、角色(performance roles)和印象管理(impression management)等方面阐释了法庭冲突话语的特点。研究显示,法庭冲突话语的结构多为“冲突发起-冲突应对”模式(initiation-response, I-R),不同于日常冲突话语的“起始-发展-结束”模式(initiating move—maintaining move—terminating move, I-M-T)。根据法庭话语内容的不同,法庭冲突话语有“程序性冲突话语”和“实体性冲突话语”之分;根据有无冲突话语标记语,可将法庭冲突话语分为“表层冲突话语”和“深层冲突话语”;从印象管理层次上来说,话语一方在话语互动中给对方投射出某种印象,同时对方的话语也投射出某种印象给说话人,两种印象如果相一致,话语则是合作的;如果不一致,就构成了冲突话语,这种冲突话语被标记为“非共鸣性冲突话语”,并由此勾勒出印象管理视域下的冲突话语的两个步骤:投射(projection)和归属(attribution)。与日常会话中的冲突话语相比,法庭冲突话语除了具有拟剧性(dramaturgical feature)和目的性(goal-directed feature)之外,还有其独特之处,即双层性(duality)、权力支配性(power-manipulation)、和非反馈性(non-feedback)。法庭冲突话语的双层性展示了一些语义对立的概念,包括冲突话语的积极性(positivity)和消极性(negtivity) ,严肃性(seriousness)和嬉戏性(playfulness) ,基于内容的冲突(content-based conflict talk)和基于评价的冲突(evaluation-based conflict talk)等特点。本研究首次将社会学理论和语言学现象结合起来,主要从宏观方面反映法庭冲突话语的特征,以期本文在一定程度上补充和丰富了现有的冲突话语分析理论。不容回避的是,语料的限制、拟剧论用于语言层面研究表现的局限性等因素,法庭冲突话语仍需进一步的探讨。
[Abstract]:The conflict discourse as a universal and complex language phenomenon in social interaction is inevitable, and cannot be ignored. The conflict one discourse and another discourse, this conflict is communication of one party against the other words, behavior, or both sides hold different opinions, and Conflict Discourse due to the restriction of data is difficult to obtain. Factors such as the study of conflict talk has not received enough attention in the field of linguistics. In recent years the domestic and foreign research on conflict is just unfolding, the research areas are related to the words, courtroom discourse and so on.
As an important branch of legal linguistics, courtroom discourse has attracted more and more attention in recent years. The conflict discourse is a widespread phenomenon in the courtroom, and closely related to social interaction theory. Most of the previous research on conflict is confined to the linguistic longitudinal study within the discipline, from Goffman's dramaturgical (Dramaturgical Theory) on the research perspective of courtroom conflict talk is relatively rare.
In this paper, through qualitative analysis, mainly from the sociology Dramaturgical Theory Perspective to the macro analysis of courtroom conflict talk. Dramaturgical Theory is based on the dramatic elements as a model to explain the social interaction behavior in everyday life, there will be more social interaction into a series of performances. In a social interaction, performer endowed with a variety of different roles, their behavior should be consistent with the expectations of others, who will with the situation and the requirements of the audience and adjust the image. In the courtroom, how to use the proposed theoretical framework of drama theory to analyze the structure and features of courtroom conflict talk is the purpose of this article.
This paper is based on the Dramaturgical Theory, from the reception area (front, region) (back region), regional background (dramatic realization) plays an ideal role (performance, roles) and impression management (impression management) and explains the features of courtroom conflict talk. Research shows that the structure of courtroom conflict talk more "conflict - initiated conflict coping mode (initiation-response, I-R)," initiation development is different from the end of the conflict talk "mode (initiating move - maintaining move - terminating move, I-M-T). According to the content of courtroom discourse, discourse conflict court has" procedural Conflict Discourse "and" substantive Conflict Discourse "; according to whether the conflict discourse markers can be divided into the courtroom conflict talk" Conflict Discourse "and" surface deep conflict discourse "; from the impression management level, a party in the discourse Discourse interaction to each other the projection of some kind of impression, while other words also projected some impression on the speaker, the two impression if consistent, discourse is cooperation; if not, constitute the conflict discourse, the discourse conflict is marked as "non resonance of Conflict Discourse", and thus sketch two steps of impression management under the perspective of discourse conflict: projection (projection) and home (attribution).
Compared with the conflict talk in daily conversation, in addition to courtroom conflict talks with quasi drama (dramaturgical feature) and purpose (goal-directed feature), and its unique features, namely double layer (duality), power control (power-manipulation), and non feedback (non-feedback). The double display of courtroom conflict talk some concept of semantic opposition, including positive conflict (positivity) and negative (negtivity) and seriousness (seriousness) and playfulness (playfulness), based on the content of the conflict (content-based conflict talk) and the evaluation based on the conflict (evaluation-based conflict talk) and so on.
This is the first study to sociological theory and linguistic phenomena together, mainly from the macro aspects reflect the characteristics of courtroom conflict talk, in order to a certain extent this paper complements and enriches the existing conflict discourse analysis theory. It can not be avoided, corpus restrictions, Dramaturgical Theory for the limitations of language level conflict talk, court still need further discussion.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H030;D90-055

【引证文献】