公安机关刑事侦查权制衡机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 10:34

本文关键词： 公安机关侦查制衡　出处：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中共十八大以来,“四个全面”战略的提出加速了中国社会主义现代化的建设步伐。其中“全面推进依法治国的战略构想”拉开了中国特色社会主义法治的建设的新篇章。与此同时,“聂树斌案”、“呼格吉勒图案”、“念斌案”等一系列冤假错案不断被曝光,严重损害着法治的良好形象。所有的冤家错案都存在着“刑讯逼供”的身影,矛头无疑都指向公安机关。在中国特色社会主义法律体系建成,法治理念不断深入的当下,公安机关暴露出的滥用刑事侦查权的问题与法治的形成格格不入,甚至成为阻碍法治形成的巨大障碍,因而对公安机关刑事侦查权进行有效的制衡,确保其在法律允许的范围内正当行使权力,正确打击到犯罪活动具有重要意义。本文尝试在分析刑事侦查权的相关概念的基础上先将研究对象落在公安机关这一刑事侦查权行使的主体身上,再就涉及公安机关刑事侦查权运行的相关实证数据进行筛选、统计并进行有效整合并通过数据的整合分析当前公安机关刑事侦查权运行存在的问题。通过借鉴大陆、英美法系典型国家美国与法国在制衡刑事侦查权方面的经验,对我国公安机关刑事侦查权再建构提出一些可行路径。本文一共分为四章:第一部分为刑事侦查权的多维定位。概念是研究一样事物的最基础要素。只有在明晰一个具体的概念之后,才能够对相关问题进行进一步的研究。在学术界与实务界,两个领域的学者、专家都对刑事侦查权作了相应的界定,在分析两个领域对刑事侦查权概念定位后,将研究对象限定为公安机关的刑事侦查权并且该权力不仅需要满足逻辑学定义的要求,还要具有正当性。除此之外,还对公安机关刑事侦查权的权属进行辨析,得出刑事侦查权兼具行政权与司法权的双重属性更为符合刑事侦查权的运作现状。正因如此,从而其具备了行政权的扩张、强制等性质。基于对上述两大基础问题的分析,得出两大问题是为需要对公安机关刑事侦查权进行制衡的基础所在。第二部分为公安机关刑事侦查权失范现象的实证研究。本章节立足于公安机关在具体实践活动中运行刑事侦查权存在的问题,并通过林林总总有关公安机关刑事侦查权运行不当的相关数据统计就公安机关刑事侦查权运行存在问题的原因进行有针对性的剖析。同时,从检察机关在侦查监督方面这个角度切入,通过对检察机关所公布的侦查监督方面的实证数据进行归纳、总结,也可以从侧面帮助我们来揭示公安机关刑事侦查权运行所存在的失范现象。此外,公安机关刑事侦查权失范的原因不单单是其本身存在问题,身为法律监督机关的检察机关也有一定的失职或是监督无力的现象。通过对公安机关刑事侦查权失范现象的研究,旨在尽可能全面揭示刑事侦查权运用不当的根源所在,以便为后文如何有针对性地提出切实可行的解决方案把准方向。第三部分为刑事侦查权制衡机制的域外考察。世界全球化的今天,形形色色不同领域的交往愈发频繁。从地域为主轴的横向维度入手,对同时期的他国刑事侦查权制衡机制做必要的介绍与总结,对我国的公安机关刑事侦查权制衡机制的完善与建立具有十分重要的借鉴意义。当今世界法律的主流文化无疑是英美法系与大陆法系,而在其中尤以美国、法国为两大法系的杰出代表,对比这两个国家在刑事侦查权制衡机制上的异同最具有典型意义。本章主要从对美国、法国刑事侦查权现在的运行状态进行介绍,归纳出美国、法国对于刑事侦查权制衡的具体路径及其变化,进而总结出美国、法国对于刑事侦查权制衡的特色是以权力与权利的衡平为基本理念,以程序完善为具体落脚点进行制衡的结论。希望通过对国外的相关经验进行“去粗取精”,“去伪存真”,借鉴一些理念与思路,为构建符合中国国情的公安机关刑事侦查权制衡机制提供可行的方法。第四部分为公安机关刑事侦查权制衡机制的再建构。本章是全文的落脚点,也是研究公安机关刑事侦查权失范现象并予以有效制衡的最终归宿。为此,本部分的内容是在对第一部分、第二部分等公安机关刑事侦查权基本问题以及实践过程之中存在的问题进行深入分析,细致考察了美国、法国等两大法系典型国家对刑事侦查权制约的路径、方法的基础之上,对我国公安机关刑事侦查权制衡机制进行再建构。通过转变公安机关积弊已久的陈旧思想观念,在全面深化依法治国的大背景下改革公安机关现有的绩效考核体制来完善公安机关的内部制衡机制。同时也要重视公安机关刑事侦查权的外部制衡机制。一是强化检察机关的侦查监督职能,通过对检察机关原有侦查监督权力的“刚性”转变到某些权力的变相授予促使检察机关的侦查监督工作更为有效。二是发挥法院在刑事诉讼中通过非法证据排除、刑事处罚制裁的本职权力对公安机关刑事侦查权进行制衡。最后,除了对公、检、法三部门在权力上进行完善优化之外,也要赋予刑事诉讼程序的相对方以更完善的权利,包括当事人的知情、救济,辩护律师的法律帮助等权利。以这些权利来抗衡国家权力的过度强大,保证公安机关的刑事侦查权始终运行在法律的规定范围之内。
[Abstract]:The Communist Party of China since eighteen, "four comprehensive" strategy to accelerate the pace of construction of socialist modernization. Chinese "comprehensively promote the strategy of governing the country according to law" opened a new chapter in the construction of socialist rule of law China characteristics. At the same time, "Nie Shubin case", "vocative Gilles pattern", read bin case etc. series of miscarriages of justice continue to be exposed, serious damage to the good image of the rule of law. All cases are friends "inquisition by torture" figure, no doubt to spearhead the public security organs. Built in the socialist legal system China characteristics, the deepening of the concept of the rule of law and the rule of law at present, the formation of misfits abuse problem of the right of criminal investigation of public security organs the exposed, and even become a great barrier to the formation of the rule of law, the public security organs of criminal investigation power effectively to ensure the balance in law The scope of law within the legitimate exercise of power, the right to fight against criminal activities is of great significance. In this article based on the related concepts of criminal investigation power on the first will be the main research object of this exercise falls in the public security organs of criminal investigation power of the body, and then to the public security organ related empirical data of criminal investigation power screening, statistics and effective integration and data integration through the analysis of the existing public security organs in the criminal indictment of the operation. By referring to the mainland, the typical countries of Anglo American law system in the United States and France experience in balancing the power of criminal investigation, put forward some feasible path of construction of China's public security organs of criminal investigation power. This paper is divided into the four chapter: the first part is the multidimensional positioning of criminal investigation power. The concept is the most basic elements of the same things. Only after clear a specific concept, To make a further study on the related problems in academic and practical circles, two scholars, experts of criminal investigation power has made the corresponding definition, analysis in two areas of the criminal investigation power concept positioning, the research object is limited to the public security organs in the criminal investigation power and the power not only need to meet the requirements of logic definition, but also has the legitimacy. In addition, the public security organs of criminal investigation right of ownership, the right of criminal investigation has the dual attributes of administrative power and judicial power is more accord with the operation status of the right of criminal investigation. Because of this, so the expansion of administrative power, compulsory the analysis of the above properties. Two basic problems based on two of the problem is for the need of the public security organs of criminal investigation power balance based. The second part is the public security organs in criminal investigation right An empirical study on the anomie phenomenon. This chapter is based on the operation of the criminal investigation power existed in the concrete practice on the issue of public security organs, and through numerous relevant public security bureau of criminal investigation power operation data related to improper statistics of the public security organs of criminal investigation power to have the problem the reason to carry on the analysis. At the same time, starting from in the view of procuratorial organs investigation and supervision, through empirical investigation supervision of the procuratorial organs are published by summing up the conclusion, but also can help us to reveal the existence of the public security organs of criminal investigation power anomie from the side. In addition, the public security organs of criminal investigation reason of fan power is not only its own the problems, as the prosecution of legal supervision organs have certain dereliction of duty or is unable to supervise the phenomenon. According to the public security organs of criminal investigation power anomie Research on the phenomenon, to reveal the power of criminal investigation, as far as possible the improper use of the origin, so as to the how to put forward a feasible solution to the right direction. The third part is the extraterritorial application of the balance mechanism of the right of criminal investigation. The world of globalization, different areas of the increasingly frequent exchanges of every hue from the region. The horizontal dimension for the spindle of the necessary introduction and summary of the same period of his country's criminal investigation power balance mechanism, to improve China's public security organs of criminal investigation power balance mechanism and establishment has very important significance. The mainstream culture in today's world of law is the common law and civil law, and in especially in the United States, France is the outstanding representative of the two law systems, comparison of the two countries in the criminal investigation power balance mechanism on the similarities and differences of the most typical. This chapter mainly from For the United States, the running state of France criminal investigation right now are introduced, summarized in the United States, France for the specific path of criminal investigation power balance and changes, and then summed up the United States, France for the criminal investigation power balance is the characteristics of the balance of powers and rights as the basic concept, to improve the program balance conclusion for the specific goal I hope. "Through the relevant experience of the foreign proceeding", "true", referring to some concepts and ideas, and provides a feasible way to construct China national public security organs of criminal investigation power balance mechanism. The fourth part of the construction for public Security Bureau of criminal investigation power balance mechanism. This chapter is the foothold of the thesis, is to study the public security organs of criminal investigation power anomie and final destination of effective checks and balances. Therefore, this part is in the first part, the second part In-depth analysis of the existing basic problems such as the public security organs of the right of criminal investigation and practice process of the problem, a detailed study of the United States, the path of typical countries restrict the right of criminal investigation and France two law systems, based on above method, the balance mechanism of China's public security organs of criminal investigation power to construct old ideas through the transformation of public security. Organs that have long, in the background of deepening the rule of law under the reform of the public security organs performance evaluation system to improve the existing public security organs of the internal control mechanism. At the same time also should pay attention to the public security organs of criminal investigation power external balance mechanism. One is to strengthen the supervision functions of procuratorial organs of the investigation, the original investigation and supervision power of procuratorial organs the "rigid" changes to some power in the investigation and supervision work of procuratorial organs to promote more effective. The two is to play in the criminal court The exclusion of illegal evidence in civil litigation, criminal sanctions punishment of the public security organs in their power of criminal investigation power balance. Finally, in addition to the public, prosecutors, law three departments of optimization in power, the relative party should be given criminal procedure with more perfect rights, including the party's relief, lawyer's legal help right. To the right to compete with state power over strong, public security organs of criminal investigation power has always been run within the scope of legal provisions.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D920.0

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