论贸易调整援助制度

发布时间：2018-02-16 04:51

本文关键词： 贸易自由化贸易救济制度贸易调整援助制度　出处：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贸易全球自由化的进一步发展使得发达国家对于贸易自由化引发的国内调整问题越发关注,如何采取积极有效的应对方式对因贸易自由化而受到不利影响的工人、农民以及企业和产业等进行调整援助成为各国实施自由贸易措施时所要思考的一个重要问题。欧美等发达国家和地区都已经制定了适合本国国情的贸易调整援助制度,针对受到进口竞争损害的工人、农民、企业以及相关产业提供调整援助措施,补偿其因自由贸易竞争遭受到的损害,提高企业的竞争力,帮助产业优化升级,帮助工人和农民重新就业。在实质上,贸易调整援助制度是一项替代进口限制的非贸易保护主义的国内救济措施,该制度不但令欧美等发达国家失业情况得到有效的改善,相关的产业和企业的国际竞争力得到恢复与提高,而且在推动全球贸易自由化方面的作用也是有目共睹。当前,随着全球贸易自由化的进程的快速发展以及各国开放水平的大幅提高,我国同样面临着为整体贸易利益而不得不牺牲局部的利益和使相关产业受到冲击以及由此产生的援助调整问题,同时2008年国际金融危机的蔓延和扩散使我国的对外贸易受到严重冲击,国内相关的产业和工人既要面对金融危机带来的风险和挑战,又要面对激烈的外部竞争,国内的许多外向型中小企业倒闭,加工制造业等很多产业不断萎缩,失业率进一步攀升。面对目前我国的相关企业和产业遭受进口竞争冲击的严重现实,有必要借鉴欧美等国在长期的自由贸易实践中的经验和教训,构建适合我国国情的一整套贸易调整援助制度。使我国在获得自由贸易所带来巨大利益的同时,把受到的不利影响和实际损害降到最低。本文通过对美国贸易调整援助制度的研究、梳理和分析,得出该制度对我国的重要启示,并结合我国当前面临国际经济形势和国内的基本情况以及贸易自由化的进一步发展的趋势运用比较分析法和演绎推理法进行必要性论证,从而对我国如何构建符合我国国情的贸易调整援助提出具体的建议,希望能为我国的立法决策有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The further development of global trade liberalization has led developed countries to pay more attention to domestic adjustment problems arising from trade liberalization and how to adopt a positive and effective way to deal with workers adversely affected by trade liberalization, Adjustment aid for farmers, enterprises and industries has become an important issue for countries to consider when implementing free trade measures. Developed countries and regions, such as Europe and the United States, have formulated trade adjustment assistance systems that are suitable for their own national conditions. To provide adjustment assistance to workers, farmers, enterprises and related industries affected by import competition, to compensate for the damage caused by free trade competition, to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and to help optimize and upgrade industries, In essence, the Trade Adjustment Assistance system is a non-protectionist domestic relief measure in place of import restrictions, which not only effectively improves unemployment in developed countries, such as Europe and the United States, The international competitiveness of related industries and enterprises has been restored and improved, and its role in promoting global trade liberalization is obvious to all. At present, with the rapid development of the process of global trade liberalization and the substantial increase in the level of openness of various countries, China is also faced with the problem of having to sacrifice the local interests for the sake of the overall trade interests and the impact on the related industries and the adjustment of aid resulting therefrom. At the same time, in 2008, the spread and spread of the international financial crisis caused a serious impact on China's foreign trade. Domestic related industries and workers have to face the risks and challenges brought by the financial crisis, as well as the fierce external competition. Many export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises in China have closed down, many industries such as the processing manufacturing industry have been shrinking, and the unemployment rate has risen further. In the face of the serious reality that the relevant enterprises and industries in our country are suffering from the impact of import competition at present, It is necessary to learn from the experience and lessons of Europe and the United States and other countries in the practice of free trade over a long period of time, so as to construct a set of trade adjustment and assistance systems suitable for the national conditions of our country, so that our country can gain enormous benefits from free trade at the same time. Minimize the adverse effects and actual damage. In this paper, through the study of the American Trade Adjustment Assistance system, we can find the important enlightenment of this system to our country. Combined with the current international economic situation and the basic domestic situation and the trend of further development of trade liberalization, we use comparative analysis method and deductive reasoning method to demonstrate the necessity. Therefore, some specific suggestions on how to construct trade adjustment assistance in accordance with our country's national conditions are put forward, and it is hoped that it will be helpful to our country's legislative decision.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;D912.29

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