中美产品缺陷认定比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 13:09

本文关键词： 产品缺陷消费者预期标准风险效益分析标准　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国的产品缺陷制度历经一百多年的发展,其理论体系已经趋于完备,其为数众多的学者著述以及丰富案例值得加以研究学习。本文通过对中美产品责任法中的产品缺陷制度进行比较分析,试图吸收美国产品缺陷制度的先进之处,希望能够对我国的产品缺陷制度的立法提供借鉴作用。本文的导言部分介绍了产品缺陷制度在产品责任法中的重要性,说明了产品缺陷的具体定义以及判断标准极大影响对于产品责任有无的认定。文章正文分为两部分,第一部分着重介绍了美国的产品缺陷的界定和认定标准。首先指出美国产品缺陷的基本含义,其中在产品缺陷的定义方面,文章指出美国的缺陷定义着眼于不合理危险,而在产品缺陷的类型化分析方面,本文指出美国的产品缺陷分为三种类型,它们分别是产品制造缺陷、产品设计缺陷和产品警示缺陷,并分别介绍了三种缺陷各自的定义及其特点并指出为何这样分类的缘由。然后通过介绍分析美国对于产品缺陷的认定标准,总结出有两个标准在美国实务界占据主导地位,它们分别是消费者预期标准和风险效益标准。文中介绍了上述两种缺陷的内涵及其特点,也说明了对于不同类型的产品缺陷具体适用何种判断标准,并且通过分析美国产品缺陷判断标准的新发展,指出现阶段在美国,风险效益标准已经占据主导地位。文章第二部分是关于我国产品缺陷制度的现状与完善。首先通过概括我国法律关于产品缺陷的定义及其判断标准的规定,指出我国立法上关于产品缺陷的规定极为分散和粗略。然后,文章指出我国产品缺陷制度的种种不足并分析其成因。关于不足之处,本文着重说明两点,即我国关于产品缺陷概念的界定过于抽象和概括以及我国产品缺陷的认定采取的双重标准及其不合时宜。最后,笔者提出了三点建议,它们分别是制定单独的产品责任法以囊括产品缺陷制度、立法上对产品缺陷进行明确分类以及废除双重标准。
[Abstract]:After more than 100 years of development, the system of product defects in the United States has become more and more complete. Through comparative analysis of the product defect system between China and the United States, this paper attempts to absorb the advantages of the American product defect system. The author hopes to provide reference for the legislation of product defect system in our country. The introduction of this paper introduces the importance of the product defect system in the product liability law, explains the specific definition of product defect and the determination of whether the judgment standard has great influence on the product liability. The text is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the definition and identification standard of product defects in the United States. First, it points out the basic meaning of product defects in the United States, including the definition of product defects. In this paper, the author points out that the definition of defects in the United States focuses on unreasonable hazards, and in the analysis of the types of product defects, this paper points out that there are three types of product defects in the United States, which are respectively product manufacturing defects. The product design defect and the product warning defect are introduced, and the definitions and characteristics of the three kinds of defects are introduced respectively, and the reason why they are classified in this way is pointed out. Then, through the introduction and analysis of the American standard for identifying the product defect, It is concluded that two standards are dominant in American practice, they are consumer expectation standard and risk benefit standard respectively. The connotation and characteristics of these two defects are introduced in this paper. By analyzing the new development of the American product defect judgment standard, it is pointed out that the risk benefit standard has already occupied the leading position in the United States at the present stage. The second part of the article is about the present situation and perfection of the product defect system in our country. It is pointed out that the regulations on product defects in our country's legislation are extremely scattered and rough. Then, the article points out the various deficiencies of the product defect system in our country and analyzes its causes. That is, the definition of product defect in our country is too abstract and generalized, and the double standard adopted in the identification of product defect in our country is out of date. Finally, the author puts forward three suggestions. They are to formulate a separate product liability law to cover the product defect system, legislatively categorize product defects and abolish double standards.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.8;D971.2

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