医助自杀权研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 21:24

本文选题：医助自杀　切入点：死亡权　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】："当我死去的时候,我希望死在阳光里。"——特里·普拉切特死亡是不可避免的,每个人都对死亡境况有过或多或少的想象,每个人心目中也都有一种理想的死亡方式,这种对美好死亡的向往,在近代医疗技术突飞猛进后再一次引起了世人的关注。这种关注是从临终病人权益身上延伸开来的对自身未来死亡的关注,这种关注是对死亡时间和死亡方式决定权的关注,是对生命如何划下一个完美句号的关注。该领域到目前面临的一个重大问题就是:病人能否接受来自医生的主动帮助实现死亡。这也是本文的论证主题:医助自杀权。医助自杀权的研究正是源于对死亡权问题的关切。本文的研究目的在于:随着人口老龄化和疑难疾病的增多,实现安乐死亡的需求也不断增长,作为实现这一需求的医生协助行为,却仍处于法律视野之外。这种忽视非常危险,尽管目前我国并不具备制定一部法案的条件,但为医助自杀的立法准备工作却可以逐渐展开,应当协同社会各界展开全国性的阶段调查,进行大量的可行性必要性论证,引导和促进医助自杀的立法进程。这些工作的展开也会促进社会观念的转变,反过来促进立法的早日实现。本文欲厘清纠缠不休的概念含混问题,试图为医助自杀的立法进程提供理论支援。本文的核心观点是:如果死亡权是一项围绕病人决定维护还是放弃自己生命为核心的实体权利,医助自杀权作为实现死亡权的方式之一,本质上是一种程序权利。这项程序权利的性质兼具美国法学家霍菲尔德所概括的自由权和请求权的双重属性,是病人赖以实现死亡权利的程序保障。医助自杀权作为一种程序权利如此重要,在承认死亡权利的国家,必需由应然权利变成一种法定权利。医助自杀权如何从应然走向实然,这一过程它应当满足什么条件?本文通过分析荷兰的医助自杀合法化历程,总结出文化、医疗、舆论和法律四项重要条件,这些条件对于任何一个国家实现医助自杀合法化都是不可或缺的。最后,本文发现了中国的实践情况目前并不满足上述条件,但这不是我们就此放弃这项权利法定化的理由,这里仍有一些可供着手的工作,帮助实现这个进程。文章主要运用语义分析方法、理论研究方法、比较研究方法和文献研究方法。首先通过语义分析对医助自杀行为和其他易混淆概念进行辨析,界定本文的论证对象。其次,运用霍菲尔德权利理论工具,分析医助自杀权的权利属性。再次,通过比较分析荷兰比利时卢森堡三个国家对医助自杀的规定,总结出医助自杀权的条件限制。文章通篇使用了文献分析方法,将大量的材料进行整合分析,用以支持本文的论点。
[Abstract]:"when I die, I want to die in the sun."-Terry Platchett's death is inevitable. Everyone has more or less imagined the circumstances of death, and everyone has an ideal way of dying. This yearning for a better death has once again attracted the attention of the world after the rapid development of modern medical technology. This concern extends from the rights of dying patients to their own future death. This concern is about the timing of death and the way in which it is decided, Is the focus on how to draw a perfect end in life. One of the major questions facing the field up to now is whether patients can accept the initiative of doctors to achieve death. This is the main theme of this paper: medical help. The right to kill. The right of medically assisted suicide stems from concerns about the right to death. The purpose of this study is to: with the aging of the population and the increasing number of difficult diseases, The need for euthanasia is growing, and as a doctor-assisted act to fulfill this need is still outside the legal field of view. This neglect is very dangerous, although at present our country does not have the conditions to enact a bill. However, the legislative preparations for medically assisted suicide can be carried out gradually, and the national stage investigation should be carried out in coordination with all sectors of the society to demonstrate the necessity of a large number of feasibility studies. To guide and promote the legislative process of medically assisted suicide. This work will also promote the transformation of social concepts, which in turn will promote the early realization of legislation. This paper attempts to provide theoretical support for the legislative process of medically assisted suicide. The core point of this paper is: if the right to death is a substantial right centered around the patient's decision to defend or give up his own life, As one of the ways to realize the right of death, the right of medical-assisted suicide is essentially a kind of procedural right. The right of medical-assisted suicide, as a procedural right, is so important that in a country that recognizes the right of death, it must be changed from the right to death into a legal right. What conditions should this process meet? By analyzing the legalization of medically assisted suicide in the Netherlands, this paper summarizes four important conditions of culture, medical care, public opinion and law, which are indispensable for any country to legalize medically assisted suicide. This paper finds that China's practice does not meet the above requirements, but this is not the reason for us to give up the legalization of this right. There is still some work to be done here. This paper mainly uses semantic analysis method, theoretical research method, comparative research method and literature research method. Firstly, it discriminates medical aid suicide behavior and other confusing concepts through semantic analysis. Secondly, the author analyzes the property of the right of medically assisted suicide by using the theory of Hawfield's right. Thirdly, through comparative analysis of the regulations on medically assisted suicide in three countries, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. This paper summarizes the conditions and limitations of the right of medically assisted suicide. The method of literature analysis is used throughout the article, and a large number of materials are integrated and analyzed to support the argument of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D920.4

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