边沁功利主义立法思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 04:22

本文选题：边沁　切入点：功利主义　出处：《湘潭大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 19世纪的西欧,社会经济结构发生着重大的变革,边沁从前人那里采纳了快乐就是善,痛苦就是恶的理论,并将之发展为功利主义,开始是在西欧,而后,影响了全世界。边沁的兴趣是在法学领域,他一生都在思考如何通过合法的形式来促进最好的事态,边沁看来,在人追求幸福的过程中,法律的作用就是保障追求自身最大快乐的时候,任何人都不得妨害他人同样的追求,且惟此一途,才能得到“最大多数人的最大幸福”。边沁的功利主义思想,吸引了许多的思想家,他同时代及其后的密尔、耶林、庞德,甚至马克思都受到了功利主义思想的影响。作为一个学术巨人,边沁将其功利思想内化到自己的身心中去,终生秉持,身体力行,为世之楷模! 边沁的功利主义思想在当时是温和的激进主义,他的立法理论中其社会福利性立法思想就颇能体现这一特点。本文将从边沁功利主义立法思想产生的时代背景、理论渊源及发展、功利主义思想及其方法在其中的利用及体现等诸多方面对其功利主义立法思想进行归纳和阐发,以期探明边沁如何在立法领域内贯彻其寻求“最大多数人的最大幸福”。在目前中国的具体语境下,利益的多元化和集群化趋势明显,如何在发展的同时,使更多的人感受幸福,是我们必须面临的一个严峻问题。在“依法治国”的当下,以何种理论支撑来建构我国的法律体系,如何让人们有机会获得更多的“幸福”,笔者认为,边沁的思想或者会给我们不少的启发。正如边沁所主张的,从基本人性出发,以法律的手段,鼓励人民追求幸福;保护他们的劳动成果;为了协调其中可能引起的冲突,禁止那些损人利己的行为;保障社会的稳定和保护人们天然的慈爱之心,让每个人都享受到稳定、和睦、仁爱、对未来充满信任的那些快乐,远离不安、绝望、不公平、自私所带来的伤害,建立强力长效的社会保障体制,不正是我们所追求的目标吗? 并且,研究边沁的思想的意义不仅于此,他的学品和博大的胸怀,更可以使当今之学人,受到良多的教益。
[Abstract]:In the 19th century, great changes took place in the social and economic structure of Western Europe. Bentham adopted the theory of happiness as good and pain as evil, and developed it into utilitarianism, which began in Western Europe and then affected the world.Bentham's interest is in the field of law. He has been thinking all his life about how to promote the best state of affairs through legal forms. Bentham believes that in the process of pursuing happiness, the role of law is to guarantee the pursuit of maximum happiness for himself.No one should hinder the same pursuits of others, and only in this way can the "greatest happiness of the most people" be attained.Bentham's utilitarian thought attracted many thinkers. His contemporaries and later Mill, Yering, pound, and even Marx were influenced by utilitarianism.As an academic giant, Bentham internalizes his utilitarian thoughts into his own body and mind.Bentham's utilitarian thought was moderate radicalism at that time.This paper will summarize and expound Bentham's utilitarian legislative thought from the background of the generation of Bentham's utilitarian legislative thought, the origin and development of theory, the utilization and embodiment of utilitarianism thought and its methods, etc.In order to find out how Bentham in the legislative field to carry out its pursuit of "the greatest majority of people's greatest happiness."In the specific context of China at present, the trend of diversification and clustering of interests is obvious. How to make more people feel happy at the same time is a serious problem we must face.In the present "rule of law", with what theoretical support to construct our legal system, how to let people have the opportunity to obtain more "happiness", the author believes that Bentham's thought may give us a lot of inspiration.As Bentham advocates, people are encouraged to pursue happiness by means of law from the basic human nature; to protect the fruits of their labor; in order to coordinate the possible conflicts among them, to prohibit those behaviors that harm others and profit themselves;Ensuring social stability and protecting people's natural love, so that everyone can enjoy the joy of stability, harmony, benevolence, and trust in the future, far from the hurt of uneasiness, despair, injustice, selfishness,Isn't it our goal to build a strong, long-term social security system?Moreover, the significance of studying Bentham's thought is not only here, but also a lot of lessons for today's scholars.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D909.5

【引证文献】