合同合法性的审查机制——以法国经验为视角

发布时间：2018-04-11 18:32

本文选题：合同内容 + 约因　；参考：《华东政法大学学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：在法国法上,合同合法性审查机制的功能与目的在于确保当事人的意思自治不成为侵害"社会一般利益"或者"个体利益"的工具。为确保法官审查的全面以及便利,审查在多个层面展开(如条款、目的、形式等);审查的依据是被认定为公共秩序的规则,它们是经过筛选与类型化的各种具体利益在法律上的表达和固化;判定违法的标准是合同构成对上述利益的侵害;法官根据被侵害利益的类型对违法合同进行制裁(绝对无效或相对无效)。中国法在审查依据上既有"客观标准",也有实质的"利益标准";在效力上,违法合同绝对无效,而不允许对侵害个体利益的违法合同适用相对无效。由此法官的裁量权和当事人的自治范围被不当制约。合同合法性的审查最终绕不开司法审查,中国法应重视法官在此方面的权威,确立与其审查职权相符的审查标准以及采取不同制裁措施的可能。
[Abstract]:In French law, the function and purpose of contract legality examination mechanism is to ensure that the party's autonomy of will does not become a tool that infringes the "general interests" or "individual interests" of the parties.In order to ensure that the review by judges is comprehensive and accessible, the review is carried out at multiple levels (e.g. articles, purposes, forms, etc.); the review is based on rules that are considered to be public order,They are the legal expression and solidification of various kinds of specific interests that have been screened and typed, and the criterion of judging the violation of the law is the infringement of the above interests by the constitution of the contract.The judge punishes the illegal contract according to the type of the infringed interest (absolutely invalid or relatively invalid).Chinese law has both "objective standard" and substantial "interest standard" on the basis of examination. In terms of validity, illegal contract is absolutely invalid, but it is not allowed to be applied to illegal contract that infringes individual interests.Therefore, the discretion of the judge and the scope of the autonomy of the parties are improperly restricted.The law of China should attach importance to the authority of the judge in this respect, establish the standard of examination in accordance with his power of review and the possibility of taking different sanctions.
【作者单位】：复旦大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“法国新债法对中国民法典债编制定的启示与比较研究”(项目号16BFX104)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D956.5;DD913

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