论法律解释的循环

发布时间：2018-04-25 00:41

本文选题：法律解释 + 解释循环　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：解释循环是解释学中一个重要课题,其典型的表述为：部分的理解依赖于对整体意义的理解,而对整体意义的理解又必须以对部分的理解为基础。虽然哲学解释学是由法律解释学、宗教解释学等局部解释学发展而来,但是由于哲学层面的思考更具有宏观性和普遍意义,因此,法律解释学同样受到哲学解释学的影响,解释循环在法律解释学中同样存在。国内学者在论及法律解释时,已经开始关注法律解释的循环性特征,但除有少数学者对其有较为详细的说明,目前尚未对该问题进行细致系统的研究。传统法律解释学将研究对象限制为法律规范,研究对象的单一,导致对于法律解释过程的忽视,从而无法关注法律解释中事实因素对于法律解释的意义。而传统法学研究多是站在立法者立场上,忽视法官在法律解释中的能动作用,也使得对于法律解释过程研究不够重视。文章以法律解释过程为指向,采用文献研究、对比、实证分析等方法,系统分析法律解释循环的具体表现形式,并揭示了法律解释循环的理论和现实意义。文章主体共分三个部分：第一部分,法律解释循环释义。首先,概括了国内有关法律解释含义的论述并指出其中的不足,指出法律解释的场景是法律适用,法律解释的对象包括法律、事实及两者的互动关系,主体是法官,目标是构建个案裁判规范。其次,概括了学术界目前对于法律解释循环问题的研究现状。最后,阐述了法律解释循环的两大理论依据,即解释学循环和辩证法。解释循环始终存在于解释学的发展过程中,从方法论解释学中作为理解和解释的方法转变为本体论解释学中理解与解释存在和发展的途径,解释循环既是解释的方法也是解释的重要条件。辩证法则指明解释循环的实质是矛盾运动,而循环运动的动因是思维本身的矛盾。第二部分,法律解释循环的内容。主要分析法律解释循环在法律解释过程中的具体表现形式。不同等级的法律规范之间、不同法典之间的法律条文、法律规范中的词句与整体规范、法律条文之间都存在着多样的循环关系。案件细节事实与整体事实之间也存在着循环关系。而法律规范与事实的互动循环是被传统法律解释学所忽视的重要关系,诉争事实在与法律规范的互动中转化为法律事实,法律规范在与诉争事实的互动中转化为审判规范,这是二者的循环互动。法律的意义与事实的法律意义结合,成为针对个案的裁判规范。作为解释者的法官的前见是法律解释得以进行的前提,而事实和规范限定着法官的解释行为,法律解释丰富了法官的前见。第三部分,法律解释循环的意义。法律解释过程中的循环特征,对于法律解释的研究及实践具有重要的意义。第一,法律解释循环有助于对法律解释客观性的理解；第二,法律解释循环有助于对法律解释有效性的论证；第三,法律解释循环促进了法律解释方法的研究和运用；第四,法律解释循环有利于立法和司法在互动中实现法治；第五,法律解释循环有助于认清法官在法律解释中的作用,促使法官合理发挥能动性。最后,文正指出法律解释循环的过程指向虽然存在着不足,但对于解释司法过程本质,指导实践完善司法等方面存在着重要的积极意义。
[Abstract]:The interpretation cycle is an important subject in hermeneutics. The typical expression is that partial understanding depends on the understanding of the whole meaning, and the understanding of the whole meaning must be based on the understanding of the part. Although philosophical hermeneutics is developed from the local hermeneutics such as legal hermeneutics and religious hermeneutics, it is due to the philosophical level. It is more macroscopic and universal. Therefore, legal hermeneutics is also influenced by philosophical hermeneutics, and the circle of interpretation also exists in legal hermeneutics. Domestic scholars have begun to pay attention to the circulatory characteristics of legal interpretation in the case of legal interpretation. The traditional legal hermeneutics restrict the research object to the legal norm, the object of the study is single, which leads to the neglect of the process of legal interpretation, and therefore can not pay attention to the significance of the fact factors in the legal interpretation. But the traditional law research is mostly standing on the standpoint of the legislator and ignoring the judge. The dynamic role in the legal interpretation also makes the study of the process of legal interpretation lack of attention. The article focuses on the process of legal interpretation, uses literature research, contrast, empirical analysis and other methods, systematically analyzes the concrete manifestations of the legal interpretation cycle, and reveals the theoretical and practical significance of the legal interpretation cycle.
The main body of the article is divided into three parts:
The first part, the law explains the circular interpretation. First, it summarizes the discussion on the meaning of the domestic legal interpretation and points out the shortcomings, points out that the scene of the legal interpretation is the application of the law, the object of the legal interpretation includes the law, the fact and the interaction relationship between the two. The main body is the judge, the goal is to construct the standard of the case referee. Secondly, it summarizes the academic study. The current research status of the circle of legal interpretation and circulation is present. Finally, it expounds the two theoretical bases of the cycle of legal interpretation, namely the hermeneutic cycle and dialectics. The interpretation cycle always exists in the process of the development of hermeneutics, and from the methodology of hermeneutics to the understanding and interpretation of the interpretation and interpretation of ontology in the ontology hermeneutics. In the way of and development, the explanation of the cycle is both an explanation and an important condition for interpretation. The essence of the cycle of interpretation is a contradictory movement, and the motive of the circular movement is the contradiction of the thinking itself.
The second part, the content of the legal interpretation cycle, mainly analyzes the specific forms of the legal interpretation cycle in the process of legal interpretation. The legal provisions between different levels of law, the legal provisions between different codes, the words and sentences and the overall norms in the legal norms, and the various circular relations between the legal provisions. There is also a circular relationship between the whole facts. And the interaction cycle between the legal norms and the facts is an important relationship neglected by the traditional legal hermeneutics. The fact of litigation is transformed into the legal fact in the interaction with the legal norms. The legal norms are transformed into the trial norms in the interaction with the facts of the lawsuit. This is the circular interaction of the two parties. The combination of meaning and the legal meaning of the fact becomes the criterion for the case. The preview of the judge as the interpreter is the premise of the legal interpretation, while the facts and norms restrict the judge's interpretation, and the legal interpretation enriches the judge's view.
The third part, the significance of the legal interpretation cycle. The cycle characteristics in the process of legal interpretation have important significance for the study and practice of legal interpretation. First, the legal interpretation cycle helps to understand the objectivity of the legal interpretation; second, the legal interpretation cycle helps to demonstrate the validity of the legal interpretation; third, the legal interpretation follows. The ring promotes the research and application of the legal interpretation method; fourth, the legal interpretation cycle is beneficial to the realization of the rule of law in the interaction of legislation and judicature; fifth, the legal interpretation cycle helps to recognize the role of the judge in the legal interpretation and promote the judge to play its initiative in a reasonable way.
Finally, the paper points out that the process of the legal interpretation cycle points to the shortcomings, but it has important positive significance in explaining the essence of the judicial process and guiding the practice to improve the judicature.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】