哈耶克自生自发秩序理论研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:23

本文选题：自生自发秩序 + 知识论　；参考：《北方工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自生自发秩序作为哈耶克社会思想的核心概念,是认识和把握其个人自由与社会秩序之间关系的中心问题,对这一理论进行梳理有利于明晰哈耶克整个理论体系的构思和论证的过程。全文共分四个部分,第一部分笔者从哈耶克提出自生自发秩序理论的时代背景入手,简要论述了哈耶克与凯恩斯有关计划经济与市场经济的论战；接着梳理该理论的渊源,先从历史线索着手,以苏格兰启蒙运动之前的相关思想作为出发点,明晰建构理性与进化理性的脉络,到曼德维尔的“私恶公德”、大卫·休谟的“文化进化论”、亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”与“自然的自由制度”和弗格森的自发社会秩序——“人之行为而非人之设计的结果”理论,再从奥地利经济学派的两位代表人物门格尔和米塞斯的相关思想追溯,又以逻辑线索理清哈耶克知识论的产生与发展脉络,从大卫·休谟“知识的区分”与“有限理性”到康德的“现象与本体的区分”与“不可知论”,再到马赫的“认知心理学”以及基督教对其的影响。第二部分笔者将进一步阐明哈耶克的论证过程,即从真个人主义、理性有限性的前提,到自生自发秩序理论的归宿,通过其自由、规则、竞争的构成要素,与市场经济的关系,与法律的关系等几个方面一一解析。第三部分是选取了两个角度,从知识论的困境——休谟与康德之冲突与矫枉过正的倾向对自生自发秩序理论进行简要的评价。第四部分是在中国的语境下尝试提出几个疑问,即不可避免的建构、中西传统的巨大差异、传统何以演化出自由的法律与一种隐含价值取向的论证,最后再论述这一理论对中国的几点启示,即“保守自由主义”的态度、注重本土资源和基于“理性的有限性”出发推导出“自由”的重要性。
[Abstract]:As the core concept of Hayek's social thought, spontaneous order is the central problem in understanding and grasping the relationship between his personal freedom and social order. Combing this theory is helpful to clarify the conception and argumentation of Hayek's whole theoretical system. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part, starting from the background of Hayek's theory of spontaneous order, the author briefly discusses the controversy between Hayek and Keynes about planned economy and market economy, and then combs the origin of the theory. Starting with the historical clues and taking the relevant thoughts before the Enlightenment in Scotland as the starting point, the author clarifies the context of constructing rationality and evolutionary rationality to Mandeville's "private evil public morality" and David Hume's "Cultural Evolutionism". Adam Smith's "invisible hand" and "the system of natural freedom" and Ferguson's spontaneous social order-"the action of man, not the result of man's design", From the two representative figures of Austrian economic school, Menger and Mises, we can trace back to the related thoughts, and clarify the origin and development of Hayek's theory of knowledge by logical clues. From David Hume's distinction of knowledge and bounded rationality to Kant's distinction between phenomenon and ontology and agnosticism, to Mach's Cognitive Psychology and the influence of Christianity on it. In the second part, the author will further expound Hayek's argumentation process, that is, from the premise of true individualism, the limitation of reason to the end-result of spontaneous order theory, the relationship between the theory of spontaneous order and the market economy through its freedom, rules, the constituent elements of competition, and the market economy. The relation with the law and so on several aspects one by one analysis. The third part selects two angles to evaluate the theory of spontaneous order from the dilemma of the theory of knowledge-the conflict between Hume and Kant and the tendency of overcorrection. The fourth part tries to raise some questions in the context of China, that is, the inevitable construction, the great difference between Chinese and Western traditions, how the tradition evolves the free law and an argument of implicit value orientation. Finally, the author discusses the enlightenment of this theory to China, that is, the attitude of "conservative liberalism", the importance of "freedom" based on local resources and the limitation of reason.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】