清代旗人司法制度兴衰研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:31

本文选题：清代 + 旗人　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：清代八旗制度是清太祖努尔哈赤创制的兵农合一的军政制度,也是后金国最根本的政治制度。后金政权的建立以及从奴隶制向封建制转变的过程中,围绕八旗制度创设了独具满族特色的司法制度,例如“三复审”制度、“金汉另审”制度等。皇太极于天聪五年(1631)七月仿照明制,下令设立刑部,主掌司法审判,使得后金司法制度向封建司法制度迈进了一大步。清入关后,八旗军队的军事职能转变为驻防职能,并分别驻守京师和各省。为了减少满汉之间的摩擦,妥善解决难以调和的民族矛盾,清朝统治者实行“旗民分治”的二元司法体制,即针对旗人和民人实行不同的司法制度。当然,这是旗人法律特权的一种表现形式。清中期以后,随着旗人与民人的交流、融合,清朝统治者逐渐有意消除旗人与民人的差异,实行了犯罪旗人销档和汉军出旗等政策。由于八旗日益困难的生计和旗人犯罪现象日益突出,八旗制度逐渐走向衰落。随着清末司法改革将旗人的司法制度彻底废止,最终在辛亥革命后正式退出历史舞台。本文的写作目的不仅是要阐明旗人司法制度的发展演进过程,同时还希望能够通过挖掘其发展特点与规律,从中得到对中国当代司法改革的启示。
[Abstract]:The system of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty was a military and political system which was created by the Qing Tai Zu Nur Ha Che. It was also the most fundamental political system of the post gold state. The establishment of the post gold regime and the transformation from slavery to the feudal system created a judicial system with unique Manchu characteristics around the Eight Banners system, such as the "three retrial" system and the "golden Han trial" system. Emperor Taiji, in five years (1631) of Tian con, imitates the Ming system in July, ordered the establishment of the Ministry of punishment and the judicial trial of the master, which made a great step towards the feudal judicial system. After the clearance of the customs, the military functions of the eight banners were transformed into garrison functions, and they were stationed in the teachers and provinces respectively. In order to reduce the friction between the Manchu and the Han, we could properly solve the friction between the Manchu and the Han. The two yuan judicial system that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty carried out "divide and treat the flag people", that is, to carry out different judicial systems for the flag and the people. Of course, this is a form of expression of the legal privileges of the flag man. After the mid Qing Dynasty, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually eliminated the flag and the people with the exchange of the flag and the people. As a result of the increasingly difficult livelihoods of the eight banners and the increasingly prominent phenomenon of the flag man's crime, the Eight Banners system gradually declined. As the judicial reform of the late Qing Dynasty completely abolished the judicial system of the flag man, it finally withdrew from the historical stage after the 1911 Revolution. The purpose of this article is not only to be written in this paper. It is necessary to clarify the process of the development and evolution of the judicial system of the flag man, and at the same time, we hope to get the enlightenment to the reform of Chinese contemporary judicature through the excavation of its characteristics and laws.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249;D929

【参考文献】