美国《水下土地法》研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 22:57

本文选题：水下土地 + 外大陆架土地　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：海洋被称为"蓝色国土",是21世纪人类社会可持续发展的宝贵财富,为人类的可持续发展提供了所需要的能源、矿物和淡水等资源。海洋是资源的宝库,是人类赖以生存和发展的自然环境的一个重要组成部分。美国在1953年就出台《水下土地法》对近海海域资源的开发管理活动予以规定。各国都在通过立法,促进海洋资源的开发和保护。因此,为了完善我国海域矿产资源开发管理立法,笔者进行了相关探讨。本文共分五章。第一章主要介绍了美国《水下土地法》立法背景,美国海洋资源的现状、马汉海权论对美国国内的影响、杜鲁门主义的提出、联邦政府与州政府之间的冲突;国际上海洋自由以及狭窄领海观念的提出,这些推动了《水下土地法》的立法进程。第二章介绍了《水下土地法》主要内容。分为一般规定、水下土地管理权限划分、外大陆架土地的租借制度、资源开发的监督与法律责任四部分。一般规定中对有关概念进行界定;水下土地管理权限划分中明确了联邦政府和州政府海洋资源管理权和海上行政管理权;外大陆架土地租借制度介绍了外大陆架土地租借规划和许可的五个阶段具体内容;资源开发的监督与法律责任对行政机关的监督职能和行政相对人所承担的法律责任进行介绍。第三章对《水下土地法》的特点进行分析,归纳概括了《水下土地法》立法技术,法律操作性强;海洋管理程序科学,对于海洋管理权限的划分、具体勘探开发程序都有详细的规定并且注重开发过程中的民主协商;注重海洋环境保护,实行海洋资源开发与环境保护同步发展。在对《水下土地法》有了系统的认识和了解之后,第四章对我国在海域矿产资源开发中存在的主要问题进行了介绍。重点围绕海域矿产资源开发立法、公众参与海洋资源开发管理活动、行政机关的监督作用、海洋环境保护等内容。第五章针对上述问题借鉴美国《水下土地法》,结合我国国情,提出完善海域矿产资源开发立法、注重公众参与、加强行政机关的监督作用、完善海洋环境保护制度等诸多可行性建议。
[Abstract]:The ocean is called "blue land", which is the precious wealth of the sustainable development of human society in the 21st century. It provides the resources of energy, mineral and fresh water for the sustainable development of human being. The ocean is a treasure house of resources and an important part of the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival and development. In 1953, the United States promulgated the underwater Land Law to regulate the exploitation and management of offshore resources. All countries are adopting legislation to promote the development and protection of marine resources. Therefore, in order to perfect the legislation of exploitation and management of mineral resources in our country, the author has carried on the related discussion. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the legislative background of American "underwater Land Law", the current situation of American marine resources, the influence of Mahan's sea power theory on the United States, the proposal of Truman Doctrine, and the conflict between the federal government and the state government. The concept of freedom of the sea and the narrow territorial sea have promoted the legislative process of the underwater Land Law. The second chapter introduces the main contents of underwater Land Law. It is divided into four parts: general stipulation, division of land management authority under water, lease system of land on the outer continental shelf, supervision of resource development and legal responsibility. The definition of the relevant concepts in the general provisions, the division of the jurisdiction of underwater land management, the rights of the federal government and the state government to manage marine resources and the power of maritime administration; The land lease system of the outer continental shelf introduces the five stages of land lease planning and licensing on the outer continental shelf, and the supervision and legal responsibility of resource development to the supervisory function of the administrative organ and the legal liability of the administrative counterpart. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of the underwater Land Law, summarizes the legislative technology of the underwater Land Law, which has strong legal maneuverability, scientific ocean management procedures, and the division of the maritime management authority. The specific exploration and development procedures have detailed regulations and pay attention to the democratic consultation in the process of development, and pay attention to the protection of the marine environment, and carry out the simultaneous development of the exploitation of marine resources and the protection of the environment. After a systematic understanding of the underwater Land Law, the fourth chapter introduces the main problems existing in the exploitation of mineral resources in the sea area in China. It focuses on the legislation on the exploitation of marine mineral resources, public participation in the activities of marine resources development and management, the supervisory role of the administrative organs, and the protection of the marine environment. In the fifth chapter, referring to the American underwater Land Law and considering the national conditions of our country, the fifth chapter proposes to perfect the legislation on the exploitation of mineral resources in the sea area, pay attention to the public participation, and strengthen the supervisory role of the administrative organs. To perfect the marine environment protection system and so on many feasible suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.3

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