守法激励研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 15:27

本文选题：守法 + 激励　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：关于守法激励问题的探讨是在近些年才开始的,随着社会的不断发展,对于法治程度的要求不断提高,特别是近期关于“全民守法”的普遍提倡,使得如何能够更好的促进人们守法成为了越来越引起关注的现实问题。守法的重要性不言而喻,守法行为应当值得提倡,但是采用何种方法来对其提升和强化,需要更深一步的研究。通过激励的方式来为促进守法的问题拓宽思路,能够提供一种新的思考视角,并不否认守法义务存在的合法性,而是为了超越义务性的观念去促进人们积极地遵守法律,更多的避免违法行为。因此,需要从人的法律行为入手,运用法经济学的理论前提,将人作为具有“有限理性”特征的行为个体,来分析守法的行为动机以及影响因素,同时包括行为的机会主义特征、社会偏好与偏好多样性的行为特点等,并结合管理学中激励的相关理论来为守法激励分析提供理论支撑。本文从我国法治现状为出发点,分析守法问题出现的弊端与困境,总结了几种较为突出的阻碍守法秩序的情况,意在引出对于守法问题的进一步思考。通过对守法行为的影响因素进行逐一分析,运用对比的方式,将守法行为和违法行为的社会影响因素进行比照,从人的个体主观性和社会综合性相结合的视角,意在寻找出守法的内在根源。根据守法者的有限理性、有限自利、有限意志等特征,尽管也存在着效用最大化的倾向,但是在具体行为中会存在着认知偏差或误解,使得行为结果并非最优,同时各种不同的社会偏好,也会对行为决策产生影响。文中主要运用法经济学中的经典分析方法——成本收益分析方法来对守法行为进行剖析,每一个守法行为都具有一定的守法成本与守法收益,行为人正是通过对二者的权衡对比,从而来决定是守法还是违法。文章的重点在于对激励理论的深入和展开,从激励的本质出发,以不断完善行为人的守法意识结构为目的,弥补其有限理性的行为弱点,分层次的进行守法激励的模式设计。从激励的模型种类来看主要分为自励、他励和互励三种,而具体的表现形式则主要是分为物质激励和精神激励两个层面。其中,现实中较为常用的激励方式仅为物质激励方式,而精神激励大多是从道德上来发挥影响作用。要在实践中从制度层面对守法激励予以改进和完善,还需要从执法与司法环节进行分工辅助和保障实施。守法激励是一种动态过程,它体现的不仅是行为人自身的动机转变和提升,也体现出法治运行系统中其他环节的共同协作。一方面要提高执法与司法效率,通过降低守法成本、提高违法成本的方式来综合促进守法;另一方面还可以在法律规定范围内采用一些制度创新手段,比如守法诚信机制、守法援助机制等。从多角度来共同发挥守法激励功能。
[Abstract]:The discussion on the problem of law abiding motivation has only begun in recent years. With the continuous development of the society, the demand for the degree of the rule of law has been increasing, especially the general promotion of the "national law abiding" in the near future, which makes it more and more important to promote people to keep the law. The importance of the law abiding is not spoken. However, the act of law-abiding should be worthy of advocating, but what means to promote and strengthen it should be further studied. Through the way of encouragement to broaden the thinking of promoting the law, it can provide a new perspective of thinking, not deny the legitimacy of the existence of the law, but to surpass the concept of obligation to promote. It is necessary to start with the legal behavior of the people and use the theoretical premise of the law and economics to analyze the behavior motivation and influence factors of the law, including the opportunism characteristics of the behavior, the social preference and bias. This paper provides a theoretical support for the analysis of law - abiding motivation based on the theory of incentive in management. This paper, based on the status quo of the rule of law in our country, analyzes the disadvantages and difficulties of the problem of law-abiding, and summarizes several more prominent obstacles to the law - abiding order, which is intended to lead to the further problem of law-abiding. Thinking. Through the analysis of the influencing factors of the act of law-abiding, by contrast, the social influence factors of the law abiding and the illegal act are compared. From the perspective of the combination of individual subjectivity and social comprehensiveness, it is intended to find the inner root of the law abiding. According to the limited rationality of the law-abiding, the limited self-interest, the limited meaning. Although there are also the tendency of maximization of utility, there are cognitive deviations or misunderstandings in specific behavior, which make the result of behavior not optimal. At the same time, different social preferences also affect the behavior decision. In this paper, the classical analysis method in law and economics, the cost and benefit analysis method, is used in this paper. To analyze the act of law-abiding, each act of law-abiding has a certain law abiding and law-abiding benefits. The actor is through the balance of the two, which determines whether it is law-abiding or illegal. The emphasis of the article lies in the deepening and expansion of the incentive theory, starting from the essence of the incentive, and constantly improving the behavior of the perpetrator. The purpose of understanding structure is to make up for its limited rational behavior weakness, and to design the pattern of law-abiding motivation in different levels. From the type of incentive model, it is divided into three kinds, namely self encouragement, encouragement and mutual encouragement, while the concrete forms of expression are divided into two levels of material motivation and spiritual motivation. Among them, the more commonly used incentive methods in reality It is only the way of material incentive, and the spiritual motivation is mostly from the moral. In practice, it is necessary to improve and improve the law enforcement and judicial links in the course of practice. It is also a dynamic process, which embodies not only the motivation of the actor itself. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of law enforcement and judicature, and to promote law-abiding by reducing the law of law-abiding and raising the cost of the law. On the other hand, we can also adopt some institutional innovation means, such as law-abiding honesty and integrity mechanism, and defend legal aid within the scope of law. Help mechanism and so on. We should give full play to the incentive function of obeying the law from many angles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D90-052

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