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中国传统文化视阈下的法律与宗教

发布时间:2018-07-23 19:24
【摘要】:本文旨在国内外专家学者研究成果的基础上,主要从哲学、宗教学和法学的角度切入,本着理论联系实际的科学态度在中国传统文化和中国宗法性传统宗教的思想基础上来探讨中国传统法律与宗教的关系,同时,以此为基础以文化相对论的视角对现代中西法律和宗教的和谐共存和发展进行积极的分析。不同的族群以不同的视角看待和解释世界,由这里,不但产生了特定的文化样式,也产生了各种不同的法律和宗教思想。以儒家为代表的中国传统文化视法律为礼俗的辅佐。梁漱溟先生说:“中国是伦理本位的社会,藉礼法安排伦理名分以组织社会”。儒家就是靠礼仪的制定、执行并不断地推广、解释这一套礼仪的过程中形成了自己的学说,形成了一种文化,而这一文化至今仍然深深地影响着我们现今的法律制度和宗教思想。如何看待中国传统和现在的法律和宗教?二者有何关系及其关系经历了怎样的嬗变?对社会成员具有什么样的意义?这是本文探讨的重点和难点之一。就中国传统法律和宗教关系的探讨而言,困难在于如何认识和把握所谓“中国传统文化”,根据什么样的原则对头绪纷繁的史料裁剪、取舍?以及,怎样由其中抽出中国文化的“性格”,中国法律和宗教的“精神”;何为宗教的概念、法律的概念以及二者的关系等等。探寻中国传统文化的性格、法律和宗教的思想,不能只专于儒家一脉,它是在与其它思想派别的对抗与交流中成长起来。法律的理念和实践是具有特殊意义的文化符号,法律所揭示的不仅是特定时空中的生活样态,也是特定人群的心灵世界。法律和宗教的关系应被置于具体的历史与文化背景下内在地加以理解,古代的法律和宗教思想与生活世界应被力图客观地探讨与研究,不应对其做出“非此即彼”的划分。 近代西方文化价值的传入,中国传统的文化格局受到强有力的挑战,生活的意义何在,如何寻找当代法律的底蕴?这是真正的宗教问题和法律问题。传统文化格局的解体同时也意味着它的新生,同样,深受传统文化浸淫的古代法律和宗教也要发生深刻的嬗变。但是这种改变不是完全脱离历史的,正如法律的生命力并不是仅仅来自逻辑,还来自经验,我们必须轮流清教历史与现实的文化。但足,我们必须辩证地看对、分析历史,必须认识到中国传统文化与包含其中的法律和宗教思想的局限性。中国近代移植西法后,在一定程度上不再考虑特殊伦理关系。用梅因的话说(Sir H. Maine)是由身份(status)到契约(contract)的过程。我们要思索在传统中国法律观与西方法律观的冲突与颉颃中,有无找出一个属于自己较适合的道路来的可能性。法律与宗教实是人类经验或说人性的两个基本方面,法律对涉及个人私生活和个人情感方面的事务不去干涉。宗教作为人们的一种内心确信,为人们提供一种情感上的支持和心灵上的慰藉,是一种兼具精神气质和社会规范两种属性的社会存在,它与法律存在某种结构和功能上的互补。但流俗的见解认为,现代法律纯是世俗的,而与生活终极意义一类观念无涉。当然法律与宗教联系过于紧密会有走向一元论的危险,过分分离就会陷入二元论的困境。我们认为法庭不仅要设在社稷,更重要的是设立在内心的信仰上。法律是一种规则体系,同时亦是一种意义体系。 我国现代的法律制度代表了一种精神价值,一种在久远的历史中逐渐形成的传统。问题在于一种本质上是西方文化产物的原则、制度,如何能够激发我们乐于为之献身的信仰与激情!对此,我们应该贞定其异、感应其同,学会辩异和融合。思考一个民族文化的法律问题,必须和它的宗教、伦理等问题放在一起作探讨,因为文化提供的有关人神关系、人人关系的教条式的(独断式的dogmatic)理念,很可能同样具有该文化拥有的特定的倾向,这些理念体现在规范人神关系的制度上是为宗教,体现在规范人人关系的制度上是伦理或法律。如何“贞定”彼此的差异,而又“感应”彼此的类同,是我们所必须要努力的方向,同样这也是本文力图创新之处。
[Abstract]:This paper, on the basis of the research results of experts and scholars at home and abroad, mainly from the perspective of philosophy, religion and law, and on the basis of the ideological basis of Chinese traditional culture and Chinese patriarchal traditional religion, discusses the relationship between Chinese traditional law and religion on the basis of theoretical contact with practice. At the same time, it is based on cultural relative. The angle of view makes a positive analysis of the harmonious coexistence and development of modern Chinese and western laws and religions. Different ethnic groups view and explain the world in different perspectives. From here, it produces not only a specific cultural style, but also a variety of different legal and religious ideas. The Chinese traditional culture, represented by the Confucianism, is regarded as the etiquette and custom. Mr. Liang Shuming said, "China is a society based on ethics and arranges ethics by etiquette to organize society." Confucianism is established by etiquette and is carried out and continuously popularized. The process of explaining this set of etiquette has formed its own theory and formed a culture, and this culture still deeply affects us now. What is the relationship between the Chinese tradition and the present law and religion? What is the evolution of the relationship between the two parties and the relationship between the Chinese tradition and the present religion? What is the significance to the members of the society? This is one of the key points and difficulties to be discussed in this article. To understand and grasp the so-called "Chinese traditional culture", in accordance with the principles of the numerous historical materials tailoring, choice, and how to draw out the "character" of Chinese culture, the "spirit" of Chinese law and religion, the concept of religion, the concept of law and the relationship between the two, and so on. The thought of law and religion can not only be devoted to the Confucian vein. It is growing up in the confrontation and communication with other ideological factions. The concept and practice of the law are the cultural symbols of special significance. The law reveals not only the state of life in a particular time and space, but also the spiritual world of the special crowd. The relationship between law and religion should be found. It is understood within the specific historical and cultural background that the ancient legal and religious thoughts and the living world should be tried to explore and study objectively, and should not be divided into "either or not".
The introduction of modern western cultural values, the traditional Chinese cultural pattern has been strongly challenged. What is the meaning of life and how to find the foundation of the contemporary law? This is the real religious and legal issues. The disintegration of the traditional cultural pattern also means its freshmen, as well as the ancient laws and religions soaked in traditional culture. But this change is not completely divorced from history, as the vitality of the law is not only from logic, but from experience. We must take turns in the history of Puritanism and the culture of reality. But we must see the right and analyze the history dialectically, and we must recognize the Chinese traditional culture and the laws and laws that contain it. The limitation of religious thought. After China's modern transplantation of western law, to a certain extent, we no longer consider special ethical relations. Using Sir H. Maine is the process from identity (status) to contract (contract). We need to think about the conflict and antagonism between the traditional Chinese concept of law and the Western view of law. The law and religion are the two basic aspects of human experience or human nature, and the law does not interfere with the affairs involving personal and personal feelings. Religion, as an inner conviction of the people, provides a kind of emotional support and spiritual comfort to people. It is a kind of spirit and spirit. The social existence of the two attributes of social norms complemented with the existence of some structure and function in the law. However, the view of the popular law believed that modern law was purely secular and had nothing to do with the idea of the ultimate meaning of life. Of course, the close ties between law and religion would be dangerous to monism, and excessive separation would fall into the dualism of dualism. We believe that the court should not only be established in the community, but more importantly, it should be established in the belief of the heart. Law is a rule system as well as a system of meaning.
The modern legal system in our country represents a spiritual value, a tradition that is gradually formed in a long history. The problem lies in the principle that the product of western culture is essentially the principle of the western culture. How can we inspire the faith and passion we are willing to devote to it! The legal question of a national culture must be discussed with its religious and ethical issues, because the doctrinal concept of the relationship between human beings and God, the dogmatic dogmatic of the relationship, is likely to have a specific tendency to have the culture, which are embodied in the system of standardizing the relationship between people and gods. It is the ethics or law for the system of religion, which is embodied in the regulation of the relationship of everyone. How "Zhen Ding" differs from each other, and "induction" with each other, is the direction we must work hard to, and this is also the innovation of this article.
【学位授予单位】:中央民族大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:D90-05;D909.2

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