清代海南建置制度考

发布时间：2018-07-25 12:46

【摘要】：海南是我国南部边疆地区,位于中国通往南洋各国和西方国家的要冲,具有重要的战略地位,是我国的边防要地。自古以来,海南岛就是我国领土不可分割的一部分。汉代元封元年(公元前110年)在海南建置郡县,海南从此列入了中国的版图。历代的封建王朝,对海南都是实行遥控政策,要么把海南隶属广西中书省,要么隶属湖广中书省。历代中央政府通过不断改革海南的地方行政区划与行政建置,而不断加强对海南的统治以促进海南得以进步。清朝是漫长的历史长河中积极开发和经营海南的最后一个封建王朝,并且曾经取得了璀璨的成果。清代中央王朝对海南岛的开发和经营的政策在历史的不同阶段都有其不同的特点。在清代对海南岛实施统治的260年里,海南岛经历了从未有过的变革。从整体上看,清朝海南的政治统治不断扩展和深化,封建经济、文化都较为繁荣。但清朝时期海南建置始终是二级行政单位,其财政支持紧靠广东一隅,而广东的财力、物力有限,加之后期清政府消极的治琼政策,因此,清代大陆对海南政治、经济、文化的支持是十分乏力的。又由于统治阶级的残酷剥削和压迫,海南岛仍然极其落后于内陆地区。本文力图通过研究清朝政府先后在海南岛设置政治、经济、文化等几个方面的统治机构探索有清一代对海南岛的开发与经营,并寻求出整个清王朝大的政治、经济、文化背景对海南岛产生的影响。本文通过有关内容的研习探索海南岛政治、经济、文化的历史发展规律,总结其经验教训。此外,还将清代海南与同为中国边疆少数民族聚居地区的新疆建置进行比较全面的对比分析,并阐述了笔者的看法。如能借鉴海南历史发展规律和经验教训,及时制定出符合海南岛独特的自然条件和人文环境的政治、经济、文化战略,将有利于海南岛的政治经济发展和文化兴盛,也将为海南岛未来的持续发展提供参考。
[Abstract]:Hainan is the southern frontier region of the south of China. It is located in China to the South foreign countries and Western countries. It has an important strategic position and a frontier defense. Since ancient times, Hainan Island is an inseparable part of China's territory. The yuan year of the Han Dynasty (110 BC) established a county in Hainan, and Hainan was then included in the Chinese version. Figure. The feudal dynasties of the dynasties carried out the remote control policy to Hainan, either Hainan was subordinate to the central Book province of Guangxi or the province of Huguang Zhong Shu province. The central government of the dynasties continued to reform the local administrative division and administrative construction in Hainan, and continued to strengthen the rule of Hainan to promote the progress of Hainan. The Qing Dynasty was a long history. The last feudal dynasty in Hainan has been actively developed and managed, and brilliant achievements have been achieved. The policy of the development and management of Hainan Island in the Qing Dynasty has its different characteristics at different stages of history. In the 260 years of the Qing Dynasty's implementation of the rule of Hainan Island, Hainan Island has experienced changes that have never been changed. The political rule of Hainan in the Qing Dynasty continued to expand and deepen, and the feudal economy and culture were prosperous. But the construction of Hainan was always the two level administrative unit in the Qing Dynasty. The financial support of the Qing Dynasty was close to the corner of Guangdong, and the financial and material resources of Guangdong were limited, and the late Qing government was negative to the Qiong policy. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty continent to Hainan politics, economy, culture. As a result of the cruel exploitation and oppression of the ruling class, Hainan Island is still extremely backward in the inland areas. This article tries to explore the development and management of the Qing Dynasty to Hainan Island through the study of the Qing government in Hainan Island, which has set up political, economic, cultural and other aspects, and seeks the whole of the Qing Dynasty. The influence of Wang Zhaoda's political, economic and cultural background on Hainan Island. This article explores the history of Hainan Island's political, economic and cultural development through the study of the relevant contents, and summarizes its experience and lessons. In addition, the Qing Dynasty Hainan and the establishment of Xinjiang in the areas where ethnic minorities live in the border areas of China are compared and analyzed in a comprehensive way. The author also expounds the author's views. If we can draw lessons from the laws and lessons of Hainan's historical development and experience the political, economic and cultural strategies that conform to the unique natural conditions and humanistic environment of Hainan Island, it will be beneficial to the political and economic development of Hainan Island and the prosperity of culture, and will also provide reference for the sustainable development of Hainan Island in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929

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