凯尔森的法律效力理论研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 12:07

【摘要】：法律效力理论是凯尔森纯粹法理论中不可或缺的一部分。凯尔森认为法律效力就是规范的特殊存在,一个在法律上没有效力的规范根本就不是一个法律规范。如果一个法律规范是有效力的或被判断为有效力,对它所指向的人的行为就有约束力,有资格要求得到遵守和服从。因此,一个法律规范具有效力,是指人们应当像法律规范所规定的那样行为,应当服从和适用规范。本文论述凯尔森的法律效力理论主要有以下四个方面：第一部分是关于凯尔森法律效力理论的时代背景和思想渊源的分析。任何理论学说的建立都逃脱不了它所处时代的影响和作用。凯尔森的理论既肩负着其时代所赋予的任务,同时也深受先哲思想的影响,其中就包括对奥斯丁分析法学的批判与重构、对新康德主义的理论借鉴,同时,其法律效力理论体系又是构建在其纯粹法理论的背景之下,因此纯粹法学的基本理论也是影响其效力观的重要因素。第二部分从凯尔森对法律效力概念、法律实效与法律效力的关系,以及规范的效力范围等三个重要问题出发,对凯尔森的法律效力理论基本要素作了简要的概括。第三部分为凯尔森的法律效力理论体系论述,此部分围绕凯尔森是从法律效力在两个不同逻辑层面的含义分别展开的。特定法律规范的效力本原及效力位阶,凯尔森的法律效力本原论是在批判自然法学派和社会学法学派的法律效力本原论的基础上展开的,在批判的过程中确立了自己独树一帜的理论,从而构建了其特色的法律效力的等级结构；法律体系自身的效力及其合法性标准主要论述了凯尔森法律效力理论中的最为重要的基础规范,并指出凯尔森认为的法律只与形式的正义有关,无实质的正义可言,而这种形式的正义就是法治。第四部分笔者主要对凯尔森的法律效力理论评价及其对我国法治建设的实践意义两个方面论述。对于反对者的声音,笔者并没有极力反驳,而是认为任何理论体系都是开放的,在实践中的指导意义更为重要。最后,文章主要从三个方面,即规范立法等级效力,统一法律体系、提高立法技术,实现科学立法以及对执法、司法和守法的意义等方面论述了凯尔森法律效力理论对我国当代法治的现实意义.
[Abstract]:The theory of legal effect is an indispensable part of Kelsen's theory of pure law. Kelsen thinks that legal effect is the special existence of norm, and a norm without legal effect is not a legal norm at all. If a legal norm is valid or is judged to be valid, it is binding on the conduct of the person to whom it refers and is eligible for compliance and compliance. Therefore, a legal norm has effect, which means that people should act as stipulated in legal norms, obey and apply norms. This paper discusses the legal effect theory of Kelsen in the following four aspects: the first part is an analysis of the background and ideological origin of the legal effect theory of Kelsen. The establishment of any theory cannot escape the influence and function of its time. Kelsen's theory not only shoulders the task given by his time, but also deeply influenced by the thought of forefathers, including the criticism and reconstruction of Austen's analytical law, the reference to the theory of Neo-Kantianism, at the same time, The theoretical system of its legal effect is constructed under the background of its theory of pure law, so the basic theory of pure law is also an important factor influencing its view of validity. The second part makes a brief summary of the basic elements of the legal effect theory of Kelsen from three important issues: the concept of legal effectiveness, the relationship between legal effectiveness and legal effectiveness, and the scope of legal effectiveness of norms. The third part is the theoretical system of legal effect of Kelsen. This part revolves around the meaning of Kelsen from two different logical levels. Kelsen's theory of legal effect is based on criticizing the legal effect of natural law school and social law school. In the process of criticism, the author established his own unique theory, and thus constructed the hierarchical structure of its characteristic legal effect; The validity of the legal system itself and its legal standards mainly discuss the most important basic norms in Kelsen's theory of legal validity, and point out that the law that Kelsen believes is only related to formal justice and has no substantive justice to speak of. And this form of justice is the rule of law. In the fourth part, the author mainly discusses the theoretical evaluation of the legal effect of Kelsen and its practical significance to the construction of the rule of law in China. The author does not strongly refute the voices of the objectors, but thinks that any theoretical system is open and the guiding significance in practice is more important. Finally, the article mainly from three aspects, namely, standardizes the legislative hierarchy effect, unifies the legal system, enhances the legislation technology, realizes the scientific legislation and the law enforcement, This paper discusses the practical significance of Kelsen's theory of legal effect to the contemporary rule of law in our country from the aspects of judicial and law-abiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

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