罗马法上的农地永久租赁及其双重影响

发布时间：2018-10-05 18:44

【摘要】：窥视农地租赁体系中的永久租赁制度,可探求大陆法系农地权利结构演变的内在逻辑。罗马法借助租赁权继受了希腊永久租赁中的"永佃"特质,以占有财产性永佃利益的方式实现了农地的稳定利用。土地改良责任和最低租金规则成为农地"永久"租赁中的核心要素,但租赁期间则与租赁性质相脱离。罗马法上农地租赁制度的发展对后世私法产生了双重影响:一方面,多元化的租赁方式丰富了物的利用形态,形成了不同类型的"具体所有权",并促发了列举式的所有权模型;另一方面,永佃权的核心要素被农地租赁合同所吸纳,后者逐步承担起用益物权的功能,并成为当代大陆法系农地利用制度的核心。得益于农地永久租赁制度,农地占有和所有之间的关系在现代私法中获以厘清,并形成了"多元所有权—以租赁为中心的农地利用"的双层农地权利结构范式。农地永久租赁的历史解析和大陆法系农地结构的嬗变,亦为中国农地经营权的构建提供了参考,即在坚持集体土地所有权的基础上,以租赁权为工具实现农村集体经济、农村集体经济组织的成员利益和其他经营人的经济利益。
[Abstract]:Looking at the permanent lease system in the farmland lease system, we can explore the internal logic of the evolution of the farmland right structure in the continental law system. With the help of lease right, Roman law accepted the "permanent tenancy" characteristic of Greek permanent lease and realized the stable utilization of agricultural land in the way of possession of property permanent tenancy interest. The responsibility of land improvement and the rule of minimum rent become the core elements in the permanent lease of farmland, but the lease period is divorced from the nature of the lease. The development of agricultural land lease system in Roman law has a double influence on the later private law: on the one hand, the diversified leasing method enriches the form of use of things, forms different types of "specific ownership", and promotes the enumerated ownership model; On the other hand, the core elements of the permanent tenancy right are absorbed by the farmland lease contract, which gradually assumes the function of usufruct right and becomes the core of the farmland utilization system in the contemporary continental law system. Thanks to the permanent lease system of agricultural land, the relationship between the possession and ownership of agricultural land has been clarified in modern private law, and has formed the "plural ownership-the use of agricultural land with rent as the center". The historical analysis of permanent lease of agricultural land and the evolution of farmland structure in continental law system also provide a reference for the construction of farmland management right in China, that is, on the basis of adhering to collective land ownership, the rural collective economy is realized by means of lease right. The interests of members of rural collective economic organizations and the economic interests of other operators.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：中南财经政法大学创新团队计划的支持国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国民法重述、民法典编纂与社会主义市场经济法律制度的完善研究”(14ZDC018)的研究成果
【分类号】：D904.1

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