法的溯及力与信赖保护
发布时间：2018-11-12 18:15
【摘要】：法的溯及力是法的时间效力范围的组成部分，是法学的基础理论问题。只要存在法的变动，就会产生选择适用新旧法律的问题，就会涉及到法的溯及力。但法的溯及力解决的不仅仅是新法对其生效前的法律事实是否有效的规范性问题，更为重要的是解决如何更好地保护个体信赖利益的价值选择问题。导源于法治国理念的信赖保护原则在二战后成为法不溯及既往原则的理论基础，据此，法不溯及既往是为了维护法律本身及法律秩序的安定性，保护旧法秩序下个体的信赖利益；此外，为了更加全面的保护个体的信赖利益，法不溯及既往原则应贯穿于法治的整个过程，而不应仅作为法律适用原则在刑法领域内适用。但是，为了顺应社会发展变化对法律变革的要求，，实现实质上的公平正义，法不溯及既往难免存在例外。这些例外情形同样是基于信赖保护原则及其适用规则而产生。在信赖利益不存在、对信赖利益无害和基于优势公益考量等情形下，溯及既往是允许的。但是允许溯及既往不代表完全无视个体的信赖利益。在溯及既往的情形下，国家特别是立法机关负有更大的责任采取各种措施将信赖利益的减损降到最小。
[Abstract]:The retroactive effect of law is a part of the scope of time effect of law and a basic theoretical problem of law. As long as the law of existence changes, there will be a choice of new and old laws, which will involve the retroactive effect of law. However, the retroactive effect of law is not only the normative issue of whether the new law is effective to the legal facts before it comes into effect, but also the value choice of how to better protect the interests of individual trust. The principle of trust protection derived from the concept of rule of law became the theoretical basis of the principle of non-retroactivity of law after World War II. According to this, the principle of non-retroactivity of law is to maintain the stability of law itself and legal order. To protect the trust interests of individuals under the old law order; In addition, in order to protect individual trust interests more comprehensively, the principle of non-retroactivity of law should run through the whole process of the rule of law, and should not be applied only as the principle of application of law in the field of criminal law. However, in order to conform to the requirements of social development and change for legal reform and to realize substantive fairness and justice, it is inevitable that there are exceptions to the law without retroactivity. These exceptions are also based on the principle of trust protection and its applicable rules. In the absence of trust interest, no harm to trust interest and consideration based on superior public interest, retroactivity is permitted. But allowing retroactivity does not mean completely ignoring individual trust interests. In retroactive situations, the state, especially the legislature, has a greater responsibility to take measures to minimize the impairment of trust interests.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90
本文编号：2327840
[Abstract]:The retroactive effect of law is a part of the scope of time effect of law and a basic theoretical problem of law. As long as the law of existence changes, there will be a choice of new and old laws, which will involve the retroactive effect of law. However, the retroactive effect of law is not only the normative issue of whether the new law is effective to the legal facts before it comes into effect, but also the value choice of how to better protect the interests of individual trust. The principle of trust protection derived from the concept of rule of law became the theoretical basis of the principle of non-retroactivity of law after World War II. According to this, the principle of non-retroactivity of law is to maintain the stability of law itself and legal order. To protect the trust interests of individuals under the old law order; In addition, in order to protect individual trust interests more comprehensively, the principle of non-retroactivity of law should run through the whole process of the rule of law, and should not be applied only as the principle of application of law in the field of criminal law. However, in order to conform to the requirements of social development and change for legal reform and to realize substantive fairness and justice, it is inevitable that there are exceptions to the law without retroactivity. These exceptions are also based on the principle of trust protection and its applicable rules. In the absence of trust interest, no harm to trust interest and consideration based on superior public interest, retroactivity is permitted. But allowing retroactivity does not mean completely ignoring individual trust interests. In retroactive situations, the state, especially the legislature, has a greater responsibility to take measures to minimize the impairment of trust interests.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90
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