重复、细化还是创制:中国地方立法与上位法关系考察

发布时间：2019-02-22 12:40

【摘要】：修改后的我国《立法法》将地方立法权下放给全部设区的市,理论与实务界存在着"立法扩张"与"立法重复"两种不同的担忧。通过对样本城市具有地方特性的市容环卫领域和具有中央特性的安全生产领域地方立法的实证考察可以发现,更具地方性的立法,在条文规模上的扩张程度更高,而我国地方立法在重复中央立法方面的问题并不突出。地方立法中有相当比例的规定对上位法进行了操作性的细化,且在中央特性较强的立法领域中,地方立法进行细化的比率相对较高。在立法创制方面,地方立法超越上位法框架的"独立型创制"现象较为少见,地方立法机关更多进行的是基于上位法已有条文的"依附型创制",在总体上呈现出较为保守的倾向,但也展现出地方立法一定的自主空间。未来应进一步明确地方立法在规范上的存在空间,适当减弱立法保守倾向,使地方立法在社会治理中发挥更大作用。
[Abstract]:The revised "legislation Law" devolves the local legislative power to the municipalities that are divided into districts. There are two different concerns in the theoretical and practical fields: "legislative expansion" and "legislative repetition". Through the empirical investigation on the local legislation in the area of city appearance and sanitation with local characteristics and in the field of safety in production with central characteristics, we can find that the more local legislation, the higher the expansion degree in the scope of the article. But the local legislation in our country repeats the central legislation aspect the question is not prominent. In the local legislation, there is a considerable proportion of the provisions of the upper law of the operational refinement, and in the central characteristics of the legislative field, the ratio of local legislation refinement is relatively high. In the aspect of legislative creation, the phenomenon of "independent creation" of local legislation surpassing the framework of epistatic law is relatively rare, and the local legislatures are more engaged in "dependent creation" based on the existing provisions of epistatic law. On the whole, it shows a more conservative tendency, but also shows a certain autonomous space of local legislation. In the future, the existence space of local legislation should be further clarified, the conservative tendency of legislation should be weakened appropriately, and the local legislation should play a greater role in social governance.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D920.0

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