南京国民政府土地征收法律研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 05:24

本文关键词：南京国民政府土地征收法律研究　出处：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文的研究对象是南京国民政府时期的土地征收法律制度。全部内容分成五个部分。第一部分,引言。该部分主要介绍了本文的主题,已有的研究成果,本文的写作特点以及研究方法。第二部分,南京国民政府土地征收立法概况。训政时期,国民党全国代表大会具有国家最高权力机关的地位。国民党中央政治会议能够“议决一切法律”。南京国民政府享有部分立法权。立法院的实质就是法律编纂机构。民国土地法制定过程中,国民党中央、国民政府和立法院分别扮演了不同的角色,体现了训政时期法制建设的特色。土地征收的法律渊源有政策和立法原则和国家法两种类型。南京国民政府建立了比较完备的土地征收法律体系。第三部分,南京国民政府土地征收的内容和特征。土地征收制度由征收目的、征收程序、征收补偿和法律救济四个部分构成。南京国民政府对土地征收的公共目的事业范围采用了“列举加概括”式的立法技术措施,并且随着时代的发展变化不断赋予“公共利益”范畴新的内涵。从《土地征收法》到《土地法》,土地征收的法律程序也经历了不断完善的过程。民国政府坚持依法补偿,补偿范围逐步扩大,补偿方式更加灵活,补偿标准相对公平合理,对补偿纠纷的解决十分注重维护被征收人的合法权益。第四部分,南京国民政府土地征收的立法背景。第一,土地征收的理论基础。民国时期,私法社会化理论得到广泛传播。受此影响,民国时期的土地所有权的受到了诸多限制。土地征收构成对土地所有权的外部限制,这种限制是对所有权的合法侵犯或者剥夺。其行使具有极为严格的法律要求。第二,土地征收的政策依据。国民政府的一切土地立法紧紧围绕着平均地权的土地政策展开。土地征收制度的内容受“平均地权”土地政策的影响十分明显。第三,土地征收的经济根源。土地私有制的确立带来了土地兼并和土地集中,是广大农民贫困的根源。“耕者有其田”符合广大农民的要求,是真正意义上的公共利益。而且,城市范围内大规模的市政建设产生了旺盛的用地需求。因此,土地私有制和社会公共利益之间的矛盾就成为民国时期土地征收法律发展变化的经济动因。第五部分,结语。南京国民政府的土地征收法律不但为我国台湾地区相继沿用至今,而且对于完善我国现如今的土地征收法律制度具有若干借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The object of this paper is the legal system of land expropriation in the period of Nanjing National Government, which is divided into five parts. The first part, introduction. This part mainly introduces the theme of this paper, existing research results, writing characteristics and research methods. The second part, the general situation of the land expropriation legislation of Nanjing National Government. The KMT National Congress has the status of the highest organ of state power. The KMT Central political Conference can "resolve all laws." The Nanjing National Government has some legislative power. The essence of the Legislative Yuan is the codification organization. In the process of making the land law of the Republic of China. The Kuomintang Central Committee, the National Government and the Legislative Yuan played different roles. The legal sources of land expropriation include policy and legislative principles and two types of state law. The Nanjing National Government has established a relatively complete legal system of land expropriation. The third part, the content and characteristics of land expropriation of Nanjing National Government. Land expropriation system by the purpose of expropriation, expropriation procedures. The four parts of expropriation compensation and legal relief are composed of four parts. The Nanjing National Government has adopted the legislative technical measures of "enumeration and generalization" to the scope of the public purpose of land expropriation. And with the development of the times, it endows the category of "public interest" with new connotations, from "Land expropriation Law" to "Land Law". The legal procedure of land expropriation has also gone through a process of continuous improvement. The Republic of China government insists on compensation according to law, the compensation scope is gradually expanded, the compensation method is more flexible, and the compensation standard is relatively fair and reasonable. The settlement of compensation disputes pays great attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated persons. Part 4th, the legislative background of land expropriation of Nanjing National Government. First, the theoretical basis of land expropriation. During the Republic of China, the theory of socialization of private law was widely disseminated. During the period of the Republic of China, land ownership was restricted by many restrictions. Land expropriation constituted external restrictions on land ownership. Such restriction is a lawful infringement or deprivation of ownership. The exercise of such restriction has very strict legal requirements. Second. The policy basis of land expropriation. All the land legislation of the national government closely revolves around the land policy of the average land right. The content of the land expropriation system is obviously influenced by the land policy of "average land right". Third. The economic root of land expropriation. The establishment of private ownership of land has brought about land annexation and land concentration, which is the root of peasants' poverty. Is the real public interest. Moreover, the large-scale municipal construction within the city has generated a strong demand for land. The contradiction between private ownership of land and social public interest became the economic motivation of the development and change of land expropriation law in the period of the Republic of China. The land expropriation law of Nanjing National Government has not only been adopted by Taiwan one after another, but also has some reference significance for perfecting the present legal system of land expropriation in China.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.3;D929

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