民国初期调和派宪政思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 18:02

本文选题：调和派　切入点：调和　出处：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中国的宪政思想起源自清末。经过戊戌变法和清末修律,近现代法律思想开始在中国广泛传播。辛亥革命推翻了君主专制统治,开创了中国历史的崭新时代,这为新思想的活跃提供了广阔的舞台。虽然民初的宪政实践昙花一现,但是民初实际不统一的宽松状态,为思想的自由驰骋提供了较为开放的客观环境,有利于思想的激发。因此民国初期的宪政思想虽然相对粗浅但却弥足珍贵。本文以民国初期宪政思潮中的调和派宪政思想为研究对象,在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,尝试对调和派宪政思想做更为深入的研究。调和派宪政思想是民国初期宪政思潮中重要的思想流派,调和派学者持论理性、审慎,注重学理探求和逻辑梳理。他们深受古典自由主义的理论学说的熏陶,他们借鉴西方国家宪政实践的历史与现实,从立法者的角度观察社会,冀望通过法律制度的变革来实现其改造旧社会构造新社会的美好理想。调和派宪政思想立基于对保守和激进思想妥协折中的基础之上,以调和理念为旨归,赞同议会民主体制,强调对政府权力的制衡,积极提倡地方自治,注重保障人权和捍卫自由。本文共分九部分,导论部分简要阐述调和派宪政思想产生的历史背景并对调和派的发展历程作一概述,简述现有研究的成绩与不足。第一章详细的阐释了作为调和派宪政思想基石的调和观和宪政观,第二章到第七章分别就调和派宪政思想的主要内容,包括对议会民主制度和政党制度的认识、对横向和纵向权力关系调控与制衡的认知,对人权及其保障的理解,结合宪法学和法理学理论,联系民国初期的社会实践,进行详细的阐述。尾论部分对调和派宪政思想进行了评析。本文认为调和派宪政思想有利于西方宪政思想的传播,促进了宪法意识在中国的启蒙,积极推动了宪法实践的发展。但本文同时指出,宪政思想所描绘的具体宪政体制,必须放在其意欲建设的环境中,且与其互动才能得到不断地发展完善。因此,调和派宪政思想虽然包含着真知灼见,但也面临着无法克服的矛盾与困境。最后,本文期望通过对调和派宪政思想的研究,能够为今天建设法治社会提供一些有益的启迪。
[Abstract]:The origin of the constitutional thought of China since the late Qing Dynasty. After the reform movement of 1898 and the late Qing Dynasty, modern legal thoughts began to spread in China. The revolution of 1911 overthrew the monarchy, creating a new era of Chinese history, which provides a broad stage for the new active thought. Although the practice of the constitutional government but the flower briefly as the broad-leaved epiphyllum. The actual is not unified in the relaxed state, provides the objective environment more open for freedom ride, it can stimulate thinking. Therefore thoughts though relatively shallow but precious.
In order to reconcile the constitutional thought in the early Republic of China's constitutional thoughts as the research object, based on the results of the previous research, and tries to send the constitutional thought to do more in-depth study. Compromise constitutional thought is an important school of thought in the early Republic of China constitutionalism thought, adjusting and scholars hold the rational, prudent, pay attention to learning to explore the theoretical and logical analysis. The theory of classical liberalism by their influence, they learn from the history and reality of the constitutional practice in western countries, to observe the society from the perspective of legislators, hope that through the reform of the legal system to achieve the ideal of the old society of new social transformation. Based on the constitutional thought of compromise and conservative radical ideas compromise based on the idea to reconcile the purport to agree with the parliamentary democratic system, emphasis on the balance of government power, actively promote local autonomy, pays attention to the protection of Human rights and defence of freedom.
This paper is divided into nine parts, the introduction part briefly explains the compromise of constitutional thought the historical background of the emergence and development of the exchange and sent for an overview of the existing research achievements and shortcomings. The first chapter explains the coordinate's constitutional thoughts view and cornerstone of constitutionalism, the main contents of the second chapter to the seventh chapter respectively. On the compromise of constitutional thought, including the understanding of parliamentary democracy and political party system, the horizontal and vertical relations of power regulation and balance of human rights and its protection of cognition, understanding, combined with the theory of constitutional law and jurisprudence, social practice in the early Republic of China, is described in detail. The last section on the constitutional thought and pie are analyzed.
The compromise of constitutional thought conducive to the spread of Western constitutional thought, promote the enlightenment consciousness of constitution in China, actively promote the development of the practice of the constitution. But this article also pointed out that the constitutional system depicted by the constitutional thoughts must be placed in its desire to build environment, and their interaction can be continuously development perfect. Therefore, although the constitutional thought contains a compromise but also facing high perspicacity, contradictions and difficulties cannot be overcome. Finally, this paper hopes by researching on constitutional thought and sent to today, the construction of rule of law society to provide some useful inspiration.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D921

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