构建中国判例制度探析

发布时间：2018-04-09 22:09

本文选题：判例　切入点：判例制度　出处：《兰州大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国是以制定法为主要法律渊源的国家,制定法具有内容完整、体系清晰、逻辑严密、结构科学等优点,但也有其不可避免的缺陷,表现在:其创制、修改或废除都要经过提出法案、审议法案、表决法案、公布法案等复杂严格冗长的程序,立法效率低下,具有滞后性并缺乏应变性;其法律规则过于原则概括,只适用于一般情况,而不能适用于特殊的个别情况,对特别的社会关系调整缺乏针对性等等。为消除制定法的这一弊端,我国不少学者提出,应该借鉴我国历史上和外国,尤其是英美法系国家判例制度的经验,构建具有中国特色的判例制度,把它作为成文法的有效补充,以判例制度的优点,消除成文法的僵化、滞后性弊端,弥补其不足。鉴于此,本文从判例制度的一般理论入手,针对我国司法实践和司法改革中存在的问题,分析论证了我国进行法制创新、推行判例法制度的可行性、必要性及其理论意义和现实价值,并结合我国目前的司法体制,提出了在我国推行判例制度的具体途径和方法,即在坚持制定法为主判例法为辅的前提下,最终建立起由各地人民法院遴选并逐级报送初选的“指导案例”,各上级人民法院在对所报送“指导案例”进行逐级严格审核遴选后,最后报送最高人民法院,最高人民法院在对所报送“指导案例”再次进行严格审核筛选后,在得到人大授权的前提下,对审核通过的“指导案例”以司法解释的方式予以公布,使之具有“先例”地位,此后各级人民法院在相同或类似案件的审判中可直接依此“先例”进行裁判。同时,最高人民法院将每年度审核通过的这种“先例”性质的“指导案例”进行汇总整理,编制类似英美法系国家《判例汇编》的中国的“指导性案例汇编”,以方便各级人民法院调阅、审案和遵循。通过这种有机联系的配套机制最终完成中国特色的判例制度的构建。
[Abstract]:China is a country whose main legal source is the statutory law, which has the advantages of complete content, clear system, strict logic and scientific structure, but it also has its inevitable defects, which are manifested in its creation.Amendments or repeals are subject to complicated and lengthy procedures such as introducing bills, deliberating bills, voting bills, and promulgating bills. Legislation is inefficient, tardiness and lack of adaptability; its legal rules are too general in principle.It can only be applied to general situations, not to special individual cases, to the adjustment of special social relations and so on.In order to eliminate this malpractice of statutory law, many scholars in our country have proposed that we should draw lessons from the experience of our country's history and foreign countries, especially the common law system, and construct a case system with Chinese characteristics.Take it as the effective supplement of the statute law, eliminate the rigidity and lag malpractice of the statute law and make up for its deficiency with the merits of the precedent system.In view of this, this article starts with the general theory of case law system, aiming at the problems existing in judicial practice and judicial reform in our country, analyzes and proves the feasibility of carrying out legal innovation and case law system in our country.The necessity, its theoretical significance and practical value, and combined with the current judicial system of our country, put forward the specific ways and methods of carrying out the case law system in our country, that is, under the premise of insisting on making the law as the main case law as the supplement,Finally, the "guiding cases" selected by local people's courts and submitted to the primary elections are submitted to the Supreme people's Court after the people's courts at higher levels have conducted a strict examination and selection of the "guiding cases" submitted to them,After the Supreme people's Court has once again rigorously examined and screened the "guiding cases" submitted, and on the premise of being authorized by the people's Congress, the "guiding cases" approved by the Supreme people's Court shall be published by way of judicial interpretation, so that they have the status of "precedent".Since then, people's courts at all levels in the same or similar cases can be directly based on this "precedent" adjudication.At the same time, the Supreme people's Court has collected and sorted out the "guiding cases" of a "precedent" nature, which are approved by the Supreme people's Court of China every year, and compiled the "guiding case reports" of China similar to those of the Anglo-American legal system countries.In order to facilitate access at all levels of the people's court, trial and follow.Through this organic connection supporting mechanism, the final completion of the Chinese characteristics of the legal precedent system construction.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D926.2;D920.4

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