明清中国房地买卖俗例中的习惯权利——以“叹契”为中心的考察

发布时间：2018-04-22 21:32

本文选题：叹契 + 绝卖　；参考：《法学家》2012年04期

【摘要】：在明清中国围绕民间房地买卖而生发的契约实践中,至少在江南地区的不少地方,曾存在着一类当时通常被称为"叹契"的独特契约形式。这类契约尽管在具体名称上各地稍有差异,但其共同的特征在于,卖主将房地绝卖于他人之后,仍可再向买主索要俗称"叹价"的经济补偿。此类体现绝卖不绝之特征的"叹契",往往构成当时江南地区不少地方的房地买卖全过程之内在组成部分。本文不仅通过对新史料的挖掘与运用,以及与学界已有的研究成果进行对话,就叹契这一契约类型展开讨论,并且还主要借助于欧根.埃利希的一对概念,从法律社会学的角度,对明清时期建立在诸如叹价诉求之类的"不确定的习惯权利"基础上的社会秩序藉以维系数百年之久的司法机制加以探讨。
[Abstract]:In the practice of contract in China in Ming and Qing dynasties, at least in many places in the south of the Yangtze River, there was a kind of special contract form which was usually called "sigh deed" at that time. The common feature of such contracts, although slightly different in terms of specific names, is that after the seller has sold the premises to others, he can still claim financial compensation from the buyer, commonly known as "sighing price." This kind of "sigh deed", which embodies the characteristic of absolutely selling, often forms part of the whole process of purchase and sale of premises in many places in Jiangnan area at that time. This paper not only discusses the contract type by digging and applying the new historical data, but also by talking with the existing research results of the academic circles, but also mainly with the help of Ogen. From the angle of legal sociology, Ehrlich's concept probes into the social order established in the Ming and Qing dynasties on the basis of "uncertain customary rights", such as the demand for price sighs, to maintain the judicial mechanism for hundreds of years.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中山大学历史人类学研究中心重大研究项目“地方民事习惯与明清国家的法秩序”(项目编号:12JJD770023)的资助
【分类号】：D929

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