南非住房保障制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 02:07

本文选题：南非 + 住房保障　；参考：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：住房是人类生存的基本物质要素之一，居者有其屋是千百年来人民孜孜以求的理想。由于南非曾长期实行种族隔离制度，使大部分南非黑人居无所居，又无能力解决基本的住房需求。而且随着城市化的加速，人们对住房需求量的不断增大，导致南非存在严峻的住房需求问题。1994年南非新政府成立后，为了解决公民的住房问题，南非政府最大限度的利用社会资源，采取措施以满足其住房的基本需求，开始探索并逐步建立起具有自己特色的住房保障制度。南非的住房保障制度在实施初期，政府注重公民拥有产权住房的建设，主要通过对公民提供住房补贴来建造保障住房，随着国家财政压力和住房需求的与日俱增，政府开始寻求多种住房保障模式来满足公民的住房需求。在南非住房保障制度发展的过程中，南非政府采取了一些措施来确保制度的落实。首先，南非政府制定了住房保障法律，，不仅在宪法中明确规定住房权作为公民的一项基本权利，国家有义务采取措施来满足公民拥有适当住房的权利，还通过颁布《住房法》、《房屋租赁法》和《社会住房法》以及其他与住房保障相关的法律为住房保障制度的实施提供法律依据，形成了相对比较完善的住房保障法律体系。其次，南非政府成立了各类专门的机构，各机构分工负责，共同协作保障制度的落实。再次，采取多样化的住房资金来源方式确保住房保障制度的实施。既有政府直接投入财政资金的方式，又成立了专门的政府性住房金融机构，还鼓励和引导银行机构参与到住房保障进程中。最后，建立以补贴住房、租赁房和社会住房为主的多种住房保障模式。南非政府通过这些措施解决了大部分人的住房需求，形成了相对比较完备的住房保障制度。目前，我国的住房保障体系主要由经济适用房、廉租房和公共租赁住房构成，但由于立法和配套制度的缺失，住房保障制度在实践过程中仍有一定的问题，因此，完善住房保障制度是当务之急，而南非政府在住房保障方面取得的成就对我国住房保障制度的完善具有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Housing is one of the basic material elements of human survival. As a result of the long history of apartheid in South Africa, the majority of black people in South Africa have no place to live and are unable to meet their basic housing needs. Moreover, with the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing demand for housing, there is a serious housing problem in South Africa. After the establishment of the new South African Government in 1994, in order to solve the housing problem for its citizens, The South African government makes the most of social resources, takes measures to meet its basic housing needs, and begins to explore and gradually establish a housing security system with its own characteristics. At the beginning of the implementation of the housing security system in South Africa, the government focused on the construction of housing with property rights, mainly through providing housing subsidies to citizens to build secure housing. With the increasing pressure of national finance and housing demand, The government began to seek a variety of housing security models to meet the housing needs of citizens. In the course of the development of housing security system in South Africa, the South African government has taken some measures to ensure the implementation of the system. First, the Government of South Africa has enacted a housing security law that not only explicitly establishes the right to housing as a fundamental right of citizens in the Constitution, but that the State has an obligation to take measures to satisfy the right of citizens to adequate housing. Through the promulgation of the Housing Law, the Housing Lease Law, the Social Housing Law and other laws related to housing security, a relatively perfect legal system of housing security has been formed. Secondly, the South African government has set up a variety of specialized agencies, each division of labor, the implementation of the joint cooperation security system. Thirdly, the implementation of housing security system should be ensured by means of diversified sources of housing funds. Not only the government directly invests the financial funds, but also the special government housing finance institutions are established, and the banking institutions are encouraged and guided to participate in the housing security process. Finally, the establishment of subsidized housing, rental housing and social housing based on a variety of housing security model. Through these measures, the South African government has solved the housing needs of most people and formed a relatively complete housing security system. At present, the housing security system of our country is mainly composed of comfortable housing, low-rent housing and public rental housing. However, due to the lack of legislation and supporting system, the housing security system still has some problems in the process of practice. It is urgent to perfect the housing security system, and the achievements made by the South African government in the housing security system are of great significance for the improvement of the housing security system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D947.8;DD912.1

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