鬼神报应与明清法律文化

发布时间：2018-05-22 08:43

本文选题：鬼神报应 + 明清法律文化　；参考：《华东政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 鬼神报应观念在中国古代民众心目中占据着非常重要的位置,对民众法律意识乃至司法都产生了一定的影响。明清时期的鬼神报应观念继承了前代鬼神报应的内容,并随着时代的变迁呈现出新的特点：城隍神地位突出、公案笔记小说盛行等。本文通过对明清时期鬼神报应观念的研究,可以从一个侧面了解明清法律文化的内容,从而弥补律典之不足。本文所指鬼神是指狭义的、具体的、民俗意义上的鬼神,抽象意义上的天并不属于本文的研究范围。明清法律文化中的鬼神报应与善恶报应并不相同,二者既有联系又有区别：鬼神报应是善恶报应的一种形式。明清时期,鬼神报应与法律文化有着密切的联系。鬼神报应影响着人们的法律意识,无论是统治阶层的利用,还是民众的崇信,鬼神报应都切实发挥了作用；鬼神报应参与了明清时期的司法审判,虽然汪辉祖虔诚,蓝鼎元功利,最终案件得以水落石出却都离不开鬼神报应。明清时期,鬼神报应观念对于法律文化的影响不容忽视。鬼神报应与明清法律、儒家传统三者之间是统一的,鬼神报应是法律与伦理之外的宗教层次。它以一种神秘的力量制约着民众的行为,使其遵礼守法。并且,在一定程度上,它弥补了法律条文的漏洞以及案件难以侦破的缺陷,让所有恶行都无处遁形,这正满足了民众对正义的心理需求。也正是基于这种心理需求,人们创设了冥报、来世报等一些报应方式,解决了现实生活中恶人得不到报应与鬼神报应的矛盾,使得鬼神报应具有必然性。虽然这种解决方法在今人看来愚昧至极,但在明清时期,它的确是人们内心深处的需求。本文探讨了鬼神报应观念对今天的影响。通过问卷调查并参考已有的统计数据,得出：报应观念在今天依然存在,不管其意义上发生多大改变,却终究没有被人们彻底抛弃。由于明清时期的公案笔记小说盛行,其中记载的鬼神报应故事最能够反映民众观念中的鬼神报应与法律文化之间的联系。因此本文在行文时,参考了《子不语》、《阅微草堂笔记》、《龙图公案》等明清时期的公案笔记小说,将其作为材料使用。
[Abstract]:The concept of retribution of ghosts and gods occupied a very important position in the eyes of the ancient Chinese people and had a certain influence on the people's legal consciousness and even on the administration of justice. The concept of retribution of ghosts in the Ming and Qing dynasties inherited the contents of the retribution of the ghosts and gods of the previous generation, and showed new characteristics with the change of the times: the prominent status of the city god, the prevalence of the public case note-taking novel and so on. By studying the concept of retribution of ghosts and gods in Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper can understand the content of legal culture in Ming and Qing dynasties from one side, and make up for the deficiency of law code. This paper refers to ghosts and spirits in narrow sense, specific, folk sense, abstract sense of heaven does not belong to the scope of this article. The retribution of ghosts and gods in the legal culture of Ming and Qing dynasties is not the same as the retribution of good and evil. They are related and different: retribution of ghosts and gods is a form of retribution of good and evil. In Ming and Qing dynasties, retribution of ghosts and gods was closely related to legal culture. The retribution of ghosts and gods affects people's legal consciousness. Whether it is the use of the ruling class or the worship of the public, the retribution of the ghosts and gods has played an important role in the judicial trial during the Ming and Qing dynasties, although Wang Huizu was devout, the retribution of the ghosts and gods participated in the judicial trial during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Lan Dingyuan utilitarian, the final case can be unravelled but can not be separated from the retribution of ghosts and gods. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the influence of retribution of ghosts and gods on legal culture could not be ignored. The retribution of ghosts and gods is unified with the law of Ming and Qing dynasties, and the Confucian tradition is unified, and the retribution of ghosts and gods is a religious level beyond law and ethics. It restricts the behavior of the people with a mysterious force and makes them obey the law. Moreover, to some extent, it makes up the loopholes of the law and the defects of the cases, and makes all the evil practices nowhere to hide, which satisfies the psychological needs of the public for justice. Based on this psychological demand, people have created some retribution methods, such as retribution, afterlife, and so on, which solve the contradiction between the retribution of the wicked and the retribution of ghosts and gods in real life, and make the retribution of ghosts and gods inevitable. Although this solution is regarded by people as extremely foolish, it was indeed a deep need in the Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper discusses the influence of the concept of retribution of ghosts and gods on today. Through the questionnaire survey and referring to the existing statistical data, it is concluded that the concept of retribution still exists today, no matter how much change has taken place in its meaning, but has not been completely abandoned. Because of the popularity of the official case taking novels in Ming and Qing dynasties, the retribution stories of ghosts and gods recorded in them can best reflect the relationship between the retribution of ghosts and the legal culture. Therefore, this paper refers to "Zi Buyu", "Reading Wei Cao Tang Notes", "Longtu Public case" and so on in Ming and Qing dynasties, and uses them as materials.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.2

【引证文献】