惩罚性赔偿在合同领域的扩张

发布时间：2018-06-06 23:53

本文选题：惩罚性赔偿 + 惩罚　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文写作的主要目的是通过对惩罚性赔偿制度在美国合同法中的适用,以及大陆法系对惩罚性赔偿的制度和发展动向进行研究分析,以期对我国合同法中的惩罚性赔偿制度的完善提供相应的建议。作为英美法系特有的制度,惩罚性赔偿最初起源于侵权法,其目的是惩罚行为人不端行为,遏制他人从事类似不端行为,并在一定程度上具有补偿的功能。惩罚性赔偿在侵权领域得到广泛的适用,但作为一种惩罚手段,其适用有严格的条件限制,即必须是行为人严重的恶性行为,并且要求的证明标准也较高,法律也限定了决定惩罚性赔偿时应该考虑的因素。随着社会的发展、法律的变迁,惩罚性赔偿在美国合同法领域得到越来越广泛的适用,尽管如此,惩罚性赔偿的适用基础并不是合同,而是侵权,只是这类侵权和违约行为存在着密切的联系,根据美国法律的要求,这类违约行为要么同时构成独立侵权行为,要么近似于侵权行为。这一方面反应了惩罚性赔偿在合同领域的扩张,另一方面也说明了法院在适用惩罚性赔偿时标准的不统一。对于合同法的这一趋势主要通过得到普遍承认欺诈行为和有进一步发展趋势的恶意案件来说明。之所以出现这种情况是因为人们越来越意识到传统的违约救济不能充分补偿非违约方的损失,因此在极端的情况下,通过惩罚性赔偿来对非违约方进行救济。另外,传统的合同无涉道德理论正在出现变化,对合同履行中的善意越来越强调。作为英美法系的特有制度,惩罚性赔偿对大陆法系也产生了一定的影响,像大陆法系的主要国家德国、日本虽然并未在立法上承认惩罚性赔偿制度,对惩罚性赔偿判决的执行也不积极,但都存在一些具有惩罚性质特征的制度,而且学者也对适用惩罚性赔偿制度进行了较多的讨论,这都为将来惩罚性赔偿制度的适用预留了空间。在这方面有很大突破的是我国台湾地区,其在“消费者权益保护法”中突破传统大陆法系思维的局限,明确规定了消费合同领域的惩罚性赔偿制度。我国为建立健康的市场经济秩序,打击假冒伪劣产品,也在《消费者权益保护法》中规定了惩罚性赔偿制度,但这一制度本身存在着理论上的不足,并在适用中出现了较多的问题。因此,借鉴美国成熟的惩罚性赔偿制度,并参考我国台湾地区的经验,我认为我国的惩罚性赔偿制度需要在理论基础、适用范围、赔偿基数、适用条件等方面进一步改进,以真正发挥惩罚性赔偿制度在社会主义市场经济体制和诚信社会建设方面的作用。
[Abstract]:The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the application of punitive damages system in American contract law, and the system and development trend of punitive damages in civil law system. In order to improve the punitive damages system in China's contract law to provide corresponding suggestions. As a special system of Anglo-American law system, punitive damages originated from tort law, the purpose of punitive damages is to punish the behavior of misconduct, to deter others from engaging in similar misconduct, and to a certain extent has the function of compensation. Punitive damages are widely applied in the field of tort, but as a means of punishment, the application of punitive damages is restricted by strict conditions, that is, it must be a serious vicious act of the perpetrator, and the standard of proof required is also relatively high. The law also limits the factors to be taken into account in determining punitive damages. With the development of society and the change of law, punitive damages are more and more widely applied in the field of American contract law. However, the application of punitive damages is not based on contract, but on infringement. However, there is a close relationship between this kind of tort and breach of contract. According to the requirement of American law, such breach of contract is either independent tort or similar to tort. On the one hand, it reflects the expansion of punitive damages in the field of contracts, on the other hand, it also shows that the standard of punitive damages is not uniform. This trend of contract law is mainly explained by the widespread recognition of fraud and malicious cases with a trend of further development. The reason for this situation is that people are increasingly aware that the traditional remedy for breach of contract can not fully compensate for the loss of the non-defaulting party, so in extreme cases, punitive damages are used to remedy the non-defaulting party. In addition, the traditional contract-free moral theory is changing, and the goodwill of contract performance is more and more emphasized. As a special system of Anglo-American legal system, punitive damages also have a certain impact on the civil law system. Like Germany, the main country of the civil law system, Japan has not recognized the punitive damages system in legislation. The enforcement of punitive damages judgment is not active, but there are some punitive characteristics of the system, and scholars have also carried out more discussions on the application of punitive damages system. This has reserved the space for the application of the punitive damages system in the future. In this respect, there is a great breakthrough in Taiwan, which breaks through the limitation of the traditional continental law system in the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law, and clearly stipulates the punitive damages system in the field of consumer contracts. In order to establish a healthy market economic order and crack down on fake and shoddy products, our country has also stipulated the punitive damages system in the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law, but the system itself has some theoretical shortcomings. And there are many problems in the application. Therefore, using the mature punitive damages system of the United States for reference, and referring to the experience of Taiwan, I think that the punitive damages system in our country needs to be further improved in terms of theoretical basis, scope of application, base number of compensation, applicable conditions, and so on. In order to truly play the role of punitive damages system in the socialist market economy system and the construction of credit society.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD913;D971.2

【引证文献】