法典化视野下美国宪法变迁的历史考察
发布时间:2018-06-09 15:33
本文选题:美国宪法 + 宪法变迁 ; 参考:《湘潭大学》2009年硕士论文
【摘要】: 美国是当今世界政治、经济、军事、文化的超级大国,其长期稳定的政局是其国家全面高速发展的重要因素,而其政局之所以稳定,有赖于美国宪法的发展以及围绕美国宪法体系构建的各种国家制度的保障。另外,美国宪法是世界历史上第一部成文宪法,也是世界上最为稳定、存续时间最长、对世界各国影响较大的一部宪法,被誉为“成文宪法的典范”。美国宪法的发展和变化一直都是各国关注的焦点,因为,美国宪法及其构建的宪政体系具有很高的研究价值和借鉴意义。今天,我们站在前人的肩膀上再来研习美国宪法及其历史,最主要的目的是为了加深对民主、宪政的理解。同时,也希望在优秀学者们的研究成果中能激出一两点思想的火花。 宪法变迁,从不同的角度有不同的理解,有从制度方面研究宪法变迁的,也有从历史角度进行研究的,还有从哲学、经济学、比较法学等等角度来研究的。本文则主要从法典化的角度,即宪法文本的变迁的角度,来探讨美国宪法变迁的过程。本文在写作上,从美国宪法变迁的历史背景,运用历史考察的方式、唯物辩证的分析方法,来探讨美国宪法变迁中的规律问题。 规律是事物内部的本质联系和发展的必然趋势。探讨中我们发现:美国宪法的发展由一个个偶然的历史事件所引发,但其演进的方向和趋势却是历史的必然;美国宪法变迁与公民权利和国家权力的关系有本质的联系;美国宪法确立了人民主权原则、三权分立原则和联邦制原则等,其发展又依赖这些原则所构建的制度来进行保障。因而,笔者认为美国宪法变迁是存在一定规律的,这些规律对世界其他国家的宪法发展和宪政建设有巨大的影响,对于我国的宪法完善以及宪政制度建设也有较强的借鉴意义和启示作用。
[Abstract]:The United States is a political, economic, military and cultural superpower in the world today. Its long-term stable political situation is an important factor in its country's all-round and high-speed development, and its political situation is stable. It depends on the development of American constitution and the guarantee of various national systems built around American constitutional system. In addition, the constitution of the United States is the first written constitution in the history of the world. It is also the most stable and long-lasting constitution in the world. The development and change of American constitution have always been the focus of attention of all countries, because the constitution and the constitutionalism system of the United States have high research value and reference significance. Today, we stand on the shoulders of our predecessors to study the Constitution and its history, the main purpose of which is to deepen our understanding of democracy and constitutionalism. At the same time, it is also hoped that in the research results of outstanding scholars, one or two points of thought can be stimulated. Constitutional changes have different understandings from different angles, some of them study constitutional changes from the perspective of system, and some study them from a historical point of view. There are also from the philosophy, economics, comparative law and other angles to study. This paper mainly discusses the process of American constitutional change from the angle of codification, that is, the change of constitutional text. In writing, from the historical background of American constitutional change, using the method of historical investigation and materialistic dialectical analysis, this paper probes into the law of American constitutional vicissitude, which is the essential connection and the inevitable trend of the development of things. In the course of discussion, we find that the development of American constitution is caused by a series of accidental historical events, but the direction and trend of its evolution is a historical necessity, and the changes of the constitution of the United States have an essential relation with the relationship between civil rights and state power. The constitution of the United States establishes the principle of people's sovereignty, the principle of separation of powers and the principle of federalism, and its development depends on the system constructed by these principles to guarantee its development. Therefore, the author believes that there are certain laws of constitutional changes in the United States, which have a great impact on the constitutional development and constitutional construction of other countries in the world. It can also be used for reference and enlightenment for the improvement of constitution and the construction of constitutional system in our country.
【学位授予单位】:湘潭大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2009
【分类号】:D971.2;DD911
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