立法过程中的利益表达与整合机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 18:36

本文选题：立法 + 立法模式　；参考：《华东交通大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在社会发展的历史长河中,利益是人类亘古不变的话题。不同的群体和个人因为身份、职业、所处环境等的不同而有不同的利益需求,人类发展的历史,就是孜孜不倦追求利益的历史。然而,社会资源是有限的,多样性的利益需求之间存在这样那样的矛盾和冲突,解决这些矛盾和冲突,是每个社会统治阶级应尽的职责,也是社会发展的必须。立法肩负着整合利益矛盾和冲突的历史重任,这是由立法的实质决定的。任何立法,只要是为了达成某种目标,解决一定问题,都会涉及立法的价值问题,亦或是立法的本质问题。立法是为了满足社会主体的需要而诞生的,在法制社会中,社会中的各种利益矛盾,需要立法的协调,立法实际上就是一个实现立法价值,平衡利益需要,解决利益矛盾的过程。通过立法,利益与正义公平得以统一,法治的目的得以实现。立法作为统治阶级或利益集团意志的表达,经历准备、法案到法、完善这几个阶段后实现其保证利益表达顺畅、选择和分配利益、保障利益实现的功能。可以说,在法制社会中,法就像一根指挥棒和一座导航塔,是统治阶级治理社会、实现政权稳定的工具。在一个发达的法治社会中,法就是社会控制最终有效的工具,是建设政治民主社会的基石。在现代民主立法的过程中,不同利益个体,通过一定的制度和程序,有序地参与立法过程,不同利益群体、不同阶层代表得以充分表达各自的利益需求,其意志上升为国家意志。立法模式的选择会直接影响各种利益群体利益表达与利益整合的实现。中外立法模式在遵循人类一般发展规律的基础上存有差异。从立法主体和权限、立法监督、公民参与立法途径等方面对中外立法模式进行比较分析,可以发现我国立法模式的不足之处,这些不足影响了我国立法过程中利益表达与利益整合功能的发挥。而西方发达国家在立法模式中的一些成功做法值得我们借鉴。建构我国利益表达与整合机制是对立法实质和我国立法模式进行探讨后的理论和实践出路,也是实现我国社会和谐的根本。建构利益表达与整合机制是一个庞大的工程,涉及政治、经济、文化的方方面面,需要政党、政府、公众等各群体与个人的共同参与。立足我国实际,正视我国立法的不足,以我国立法的指导思想和基本原则为主线,借鉴西方国家的有益经验,构建适应我国实践需要的立法模式。转型时期我国利益表达与整合机制之建构不仅要从宏观上改善利益表达的各种环境,更要从微观方面着手。一方面,要确立科学的立法原则,尽快解决我国立法中存在的各类问题,这是构建利益表达与整合机制的重要保障;另一方面,要通过各种途径顺畅利益主体的利益表达,因为充分的利益表达是构建利益表达与整合机制的前提。
[Abstract]:In the history of social development, interest is the eternal topic of human beings. Different groups and individuals have different interest needs because of their identity, occupation and environment. The history of human development is the history of tireless pursuit of interests. However, the social resources are limited, and there are some contradictions and conflicts among the diverse interests. It is the duty of every social ruling class to solve these contradictions and conflicts, and it is also the necessity of social development. Legislation shoulders the historical responsibility of integrating conflicts of interests, which is determined by the essence of legislation. Any legislation, as long as it is to achieve a certain goal, solve certain problems, will involve the value of legislation, or the nature of legislation. Legislation is born to meet the needs of the main body of society. In the society of legal system, all kinds of conflicts of interests in the society need the coordination of legislation. In fact, legislation is a way to realize the value of legislation and balance the need of interests. The process of resolving conflicts of interest. Through legislation, interests and justice can be unified and the goal of rule of law can be realized. Legislation as the expression of the will of the ruling class or interest group, experience preparation, act to the law, perfect after these stages to ensure the smooth expression of interests, choice and distribution of interests, safeguard the realization of interests function. It can be said that in a legal society, law is like a baton and a navigation tower, and is a tool for the ruling class to govern society and realize political stability. In a developed society ruled by law, law is the ultimate effective tool of social control and the cornerstone of building a political democratic society. In the process of modern democratic legislation, different interest individuals, through certain systems and procedures, participate in the legislative process in an orderly manner. Representatives of different interest groups and different strata can fully express their respective interests and needs. Its will rises to the will of the state. The choice of legislative model will directly affect the realization of interest expression and integration of various interest groups. There are differences between Chinese and foreign legislative models on the basis of following the general law of human development. From the legislative subject and authority, legislative supervision, citizen participation in legislation and other aspects of the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign legislative models, we can find the shortcomings of our legislative model, These deficiencies affect the function of interest expression and interest integration in the legislative process of our country. The western developed countries in the legislative model of some successful practices worthy of our reference. Constructing the mechanism of interest expression and integration in our country is the theoretical and practical outlet after discussing the essence of legislation and the legislative mode of our country, and it is also the fundamental to realize the social harmony in our country. It is a huge project to construct the mechanism of interest expression and integration, which involves all aspects of politics, economy and culture, and needs the participation of all groups and individuals, such as political party, government, public and so on. Based on the reality of our country, facing squarely the insufficiency of our country's legislation, taking the guiding ideology and basic principle of our country's legislation as the main line, drawing lessons from the beneficial experience of the western countries, we can construct a legislative model which can meet the needs of our country's practice. In the transitional period, the construction of interest expression and integration mechanism in China should not only improve the environment of interest expression from macro level, but also start from micro aspect. On the one hand, it is necessary to establish scientific legislative principles and solve all kinds of problems existing in our legislation as soon as possible, which is an important guarantee for the construction of an interest expression and integration mechanism; on the other hand, it is necessary to smooth the interest expression of the main body of interest through various channels. Because full interest expression is the premise of constructing interest expression and integration mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：华东交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】