“案多人少”的应对之道:清代、民国与当代的比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 11:00

【摘要】：尽管"案多人少"的问题近年来才越来越为人们所关注,但实际上,"案多人少"并非当代中国的司法才开始出现的新问题。无论是在清代还是在民国时期,不少地方的司法机关都曾面临着"案多人少"的严峻考验。民国以来,官方不再像清代那样主要依靠刻意限制民众提起诉讼时可供使用的"制度资源"来打压其诉讼需求,而是将增加新式法院数量和扩充专业法官队伍作为努力的主要方向。在这个过程中,对有关"调解"的话语资源的有意利用尤其值得我们注意。当代中国若要务实有效地应对"案多人少"的问题,并不能简单地寄希望于大量扩充法官编制和增加法官人数,而是需要对现有的制度资源进行重组优化,以及妥善地利用包括"调解"在内的各种话语资源来弥补可供利用的现有制度资源之不足。
[Abstract]:Although the problem of "more cases than fewer people" has attracted more and more attention in recent years, in fact, "more cases with fewer people" is not a new problem just beginning to appear in contemporary Chinese judicature. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, many local judicial organs faced the severe test of "more cases than fewer people". Since the Republic of China, officials no longer relied mainly on deliberately restricting the "institutional resources" available to the public in filing lawsuits, as in the Qing Dynasty, to suppress their litigation needs. Instead, increasing the number of new courts and expanding the pool of professional judges are the main directions of the effort. In this process, the intentional use of discourse resources about mediation deserves our attention. If China wants to deal with the problem of "more cases than fewer people" in a pragmatic and effective manner, it can not simply hope that the establishment of judges will be greatly expanded and the number of judges will be increased, but that it will need to restructure and optimize the existing system resources. And make good use of all kinds of discourse resources, including mediation, to make up for the deficiency of available institutional resources.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【分类号】：D929;D926

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