国民党政府的狱政研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 21:13

【摘要】： 国民党政府狱政是国民党政府政治制度的重要内容。加强和重视对国民党政府狱政的研究,对于我们了解中国监狱现代化进程,吸取其中的经验和教训,创建现代化、文明监狱具有重要意义。国民党政府的狱政与清政府狱政、北京政府狱政相比是进步的。国民党政府吸收西方先进的监狱管理经验,制定作业规则,并且奖惩有序,对监犯进行教诲、教育,实施了一些人性化的管理措施,并对监狱进行了改良。文章重点探讨上述问题。全文共分为五大部分。论文第一部分,概述了国民党政府的监狱概况,包括监狱的分布与设置、监狱分类以及导致国民党政府监狱设置与分类的原因。第二部分,着重介绍监狱官制。主要从五个方面讲:监狱官员的设置,监狱官员的任用标准,监所看守训练规则,监狱官员的训练,监狱官员薪资规则与实施情况。监狱官员的设置与北京政府时期差别不大,监狱官员的任用却比北京政府时期的任命制有所进步,并且官员上任要经过严格的训练,监狱官员的薪俸待遇有一定提高。第三部分,详述和分析监狱的管理体制。涉及监狱作业、监狱的人性化管理两方面的内容。着重分析了监狱的人性化管理,包括监狱的教诲和教育,监狱接见与通信,出狱保护会的设立,监犯就医条件的改善,监狱文化建设等方面,并对其评价、分析。第四部分,详述了国民党政府对监狱进行的改良,并对其进行了系统论证。国民党政府成立后着手监狱的改良,政府对监狱改良提供政策和资金支持,并通过司法部拟定改良方案,尤其在抗日战争的特殊条件下,对监犯进行疏通,后来整顿管理秩序,进行监狱建设,与北京政府相比改良效果显著。第五部分,从历史作用以及对后世影响等方面对国民党政府狱政进行历史评价。通过与清末以来各时期的狱政进行比较,国民政府的狱政进步性很明显,有一些人性化管理措施,并且进行了监狱改良。但是也应看到其局限性。国民党为了巩固统治,建立了特种监狱,残酷迫害革命志士。在普通监狱,国民党政府监狱也存在弊端,如还存在监犯混住的状况,监狱官克扣囚粮等问题。
[Abstract]:The prison administration of the Kuomintang government is an important part of the political system of the Kuomintang government. To strengthen and attach importance to the study of the prison administration of the Kuomintang government is of great significance for us to understand the process of the modernization of Chinese prisons, to draw the experience and lessons from them, to establish the modernization and to civilized the prisons. The Kuomintang government's prison administration is progressive compared with the Qing government's prison administration and the Beijing government's prison administration. The Kuomintang government absorbs the western advanced prison management experience, formulates the operation rule, and rewards and punishment orderly, carries on the education, the education to the prisoner, has implemented some humanized management measures, and has carried on the improvement to the prison. This paper focuses on the above problems. The full text is divided into five parts. The first part of the paper summarizes the general situation of the Kuomintang government prisons, including the distribution and establishment of prisons, the classification of prisons and the reasons leading to the establishment and classification of the prisons of the Kuomintang government. The second part, introduces the prison official system emphatically. Mainly from five aspects: the establishment of prison officials, the standard of appointment of prison officials, the rules of prison warden training, the training of prison officials, the salary rules and implementation of prison officials. The establishment of prison officials is not different from that of Beijing government, but the appointment of prison officials is more advanced than that of Beijing government. The third part, details and analyzes the prison management system. Involves the prison operation, the prison humanized management two aspects content. The humanized management of the prison, including the education and education of the prison, the interview and correspondence of the prison, the establishment of the prison protection committee, the improvement of the medical condition of the prisoners, the construction of the prison culture and so on, are emphatically analyzed. The fourth part, elaborated the Kuomintang government carries on the reform to the prison, and has carried on the system demonstration to it. After the establishment of the Kuomintang government, it began to improve prisons, and the government provided policy and financial support for prison reform. Through the Ministry of Justice, it worked out plans for improvement, especially under the special conditions of the War of Resistance against Japan, and then rectified the order of management. Prison construction, compared with the Beijing government to improve the effect is remarkable. The fifth part, from the historical role and influence on later generations to the Kuomintang government prison officials historical evaluation. Compared with the prison officials in various periods since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the progress of the prison administration of the National Government was obvious, and there were some humanized management measures, and the prison was improved. But we should also see its limitations. In order to consolidate its rule, the Kuomintang established special prisons and brutally persecuted revolutionary idealists. In ordinary prisons, the Kuomintang government prisons also have drawbacks, such as the situation of prison inmates mixed up, prison officials withhold prisoners, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D926.7

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