《唐律疏议》的特权法探析

发布时间：2018-11-28 12:46

【摘要】：数中国历代法典，《唐律疏议》是其中最出类拔萃的一部，被后世学者称为中国古代法典之王。其不仅对中国法制史的发展有巨大的推动作用，还影响到了东亚国家的法律体系,是中华法系里面的一个重要基石。唐律的产生处于中国封建社会的鼎盛时期，代表了中华立法的最高水平。那时的唐朝，已经从隋末的天灾人祸中回复过来，经过唐太宗的贞观之治，国力大大增强，到了唐高宗时期，生产力发展到了一个新的水平。唐朝的统治者们在社会秩序重新稳定下来之后，考虑到了作为统治阶级治国利器法律的重要性，把修律再次摆到了台面上。《唐律疏议》正是在这种时代背景下被制定出来的。正因为是强大的经济实力和政治背景的产品，因此，唐律带有明显的时代特征和等差社会色彩，不同于以前很多法典。《唐律疏议》涉及的范围极广，里面的内容贯穿了社会的方方面面，既有刑事立法，也有对经济领域进行规制的律条。而里面体现等差社会色彩最浓的一点就是特权法。唐律一方面赤裸裸地用律条的形式规定了贵族阶层的特权，使特权阶级毫无掩饰地凌驾于普通民众的权利之上。另一方面，在一定程度上也保护了某些弱势群体的利益。在这点上，与儒家的思想是不谋而合的。可以说，唐律是儒法两家思想交汇合流，，在法律领域的完美结晶。尤其是特权法这一部分，儒家和法家的“法治”思想碰撞，摩擦，却最终合为一体，相补己短，各展所长，正所谓异曲同工是也。正是在这个意义上，笔者认为《唐律疏议》的特权法堪称中国古代特权法的典范。所以，笔者认为，探析《唐律疏议》的特权法意义重大。笔者通过对《唐律疏议》特权法的研究，探寻特权法的存在形态，试图揭开特权法在中国得以产生的动因及其发展方向，试图以此找出限制现代特权泛滥的良方妙药。用历史与现代同行，发掘与创新共存的方法，从法律文化学的角度去做有意义的研究尝试。全文分为四大部分：第一部分简介《唐律疏议》。主要介绍唐律疏议的产生背景，主要作者，特点及其影响。第二部分是本文的重点，主要介绍《唐律疏议》里面的特权法内容。通过将古代的特权法内容进行整理归类，与《唐律疏议》涉及的特权法进行对比分析，从中挖掘深藏其中的特权法律思想。第三部分介绍中国古代特权法的法律思想渊源，探寻特权法律产生的原因。笔者认为血缘等差是孕育“特权法”的温床，维护封建皇权是强化“特权法”的动因，儒家正统法律思想是特权法的“原型”。儒法这两家学说则为特权法提供了主流法律思想的指导。第四部分对《唐律疏议》的特权法做出评价，主要是对其特权法特色和特权法影响进行分析。并试图在研究的基础上，对均衡我国当代利益法制体系提出一些建设性的意见。
[Abstract]:The Tang Law was the most outstanding one in the history of China, which was called the king of the ancient Chinese Code by later scholars. It not only promotes the development of Chinese legal history, but also affects the legal system of East Asian countries. It is an important cornerstone of Chinese legal system. The emergence of Tang Law was at the height of Chinese feudal society and represented the highest level of Chinese legislation. At that time, the Tang Dynasty, has recovered from the natural and man-made disasters in the late Sui Dynasty, through the rule of Zhenguan of the Emperor Taizong, the national strength was greatly enhanced, and the productive forces developed to a new level during the period of the Tang Gaozong. After the social order was stabilized, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty put the law on the table again, considering the importance of the law as the ruling class's governing weapon. Because it was a product of strong economic power and political background, the Tang Law had obvious characteristics of the times and the color of the society, which was different from many previous codes. The content runs through all aspects of society, both criminal legislation and regulation of the economic field. And inside reflect the most intense color of the society is the privilege of the law. On the one hand, the Tang Law explicitly stipulated the privileges of the aristocrats in the form of the rules, so that the privileged classes were above the rights of the ordinary people without concealment. On the other hand, to some extent, it also protects the interests of some vulnerable groups. In this respect, the Confucian thought coincides with each other. It can be said that the law of the Tang Dynasty is the perfect crystallization in the field of law. Especially in the part of privilege law, the Confucian and Legalist's "rule of law" thought collided, friction, but finally combined as a whole, complement each other, develop their strengths, so called the same work is also. It is in this sense that the privilege law of Tang Law is regarded as the model of privilege law in ancient China. Therefore, the author thinks that it is of great significance to probe into the privileged law of Tang Law. By studying the privilege law of Tang Dynasty, the author explores the existence of privilege law, tries to uncover the cause and development direction of privilege law in China, and tries to find out the good prescription and medicine to limit the overflow of modern privilege. Using historical and modern colleagues to explore and innovate the coexistence of the method, from the point of view of legal culture to do meaningful research. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part is a brief introduction to Tang Law. This paper mainly introduces the background, main author, characteristics and influence of Tang Ruoshou. The second part is the focus of this paper, mainly introduces the contents of the privilege law in Tang Law. By sorting out and classifying the contents of the ancient privilege law and comparing it with the privilege law involved in Tang Law, the author excavates the legal thought of privilege deep in it. The third part introduces the legal origin of the privilege law in ancient China and explores the causes of the privilege law. The author thinks that the blood relationship difference is the breeding ground of "privilege law", the maintenance of feudal imperial power is the motive of strengthening "privilege law", and the orthodox legal thought of Confucianism is the "prototype" of privilege law. Confucianism and law, on the other hand, provide the guidance of the mainstream legal thought for privileged law. The fourth part evaluates the privilege law of Tang Law, mainly analyzes the characteristics of the privilege law and the influence of the privilege law. On the basis of the research, this paper tries to put forward some constructive suggestions on balancing the legal system of our contemporary interests.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D929;D909.2

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