古代中国的“契约自由”：文本与实践的考察
发布时间：2018-12-13 17:26
【摘要】： 尽管古代中国没有“契约自由”这一概念,但保存下来的大量史料表明,不论是在法律制度之中,还是在民间的契约实践以及司法实践之中,并不缺少对“契约自由”的表达与实践。古代中国的契约法律制度、契约实践以及司法实践,为我们打开了古代中国“契约自由”的研究之门。在法律制度方面,古代中国禁止“较固取”、“更出开闭”以及“参市”等行为,保障人们选择契约相对人、订立契约内容等方面的自由。在契约实践和司法实践方面,人们同样强调“二主和同”,禁止抑勒奸横的情形,尊重缔约人的主观意志自由。当然,古代中国“契约自由”的呈现方式有其自身特点,尤其是古代中国封建统治者基于管理的目的,对契约施加了一系列管制措施。但是,即便在这种社会环境之下,“契约自由”依然萌生在古老的中国大地上。人们通过“民有私约如律令”、“民有私要,要行二主”、“官有政法,人从私契”以及“或有恩赦行下,亦不在论理之限”等语言,表达了对“契约自由”的强烈渴望与追求。本文主要是基于自由与管制这条主线,勾勒和分析古代中国“契约自由”的存在样态及内在原因。
[Abstract]:Although there was no concept of "freedom of contract" in ancient China, a great deal of historical data preserved showed that it was not only in the legal system, but also in the folk contract practice and judicial practice. There is no lack of expression and practice of freedom of contract. The legal system of contract, practice of contract and judicial practice in ancient China have opened the door to the study of "freedom of contract" in ancient China. In terms of legal system, ancient China prohibited the behaviors of "more solid", "more open and close" and "consult the market", so as to ensure the freedom of people to choose the relative party of the contract and conclude the contract content and so on. In the aspect of contract practice and judicial practice, people also emphasize "two masters and the same", prohibit the situation of restraint and adultery, and respect the subjective freedom of will of the contracting parties. Of course, the presentation of "freedom of contract" in ancient China has its own characteristics, especially the feudal rulers of ancient China imposed a series of control measures on the contract for the purpose of management. However, even in this social environment, "freedom of contract" still germinated in the ancient land of China. People adopt such languages as "the people have a private contract such as a decree," the people have private interests, they have to do two masters, "officials have political laws, people follow private deeds," and "there is no limit to reason". Express the strong desire and pursuit of "freedom of contract". Based on the main line of freedom and regulation, this paper outlines and analyzes the existence and internal reasons of "freedom of contract" in ancient China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.2
[Abstract]:Although there was no concept of "freedom of contract" in ancient China, a great deal of historical data preserved showed that it was not only in the legal system, but also in the folk contract practice and judicial practice. There is no lack of expression and practice of freedom of contract. The legal system of contract, practice of contract and judicial practice in ancient China have opened the door to the study of "freedom of contract" in ancient China. In terms of legal system, ancient China prohibited the behaviors of "more solid", "more open and close" and "consult the market", so as to ensure the freedom of people to choose the relative party of the contract and conclude the contract content and so on. In the aspect of contract practice and judicial practice, people also emphasize "two masters and the same", prohibit the situation of restraint and adultery, and respect the subjective freedom of will of the contracting parties. Of course, the presentation of "freedom of contract" in ancient China has its own characteristics, especially the feudal rulers of ancient China imposed a series of control measures on the contract for the purpose of management. However, even in this social environment, "freedom of contract" still germinated in the ancient land of China. People adopt such languages as "the people have a private contract such as a decree," the people have private interests, they have to do two masters, "officials have political laws, people follow private deeds," and "there is no limit to reason". Express the strong desire and pursuit of "freedom of contract". Based on the main line of freedom and regulation, this paper outlines and analyzes the existence and internal reasons of "freedom of contract" in ancient China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.2
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