基于行为经济学的法经济学效用函数建构
发布时间：2019-02-17 18:38
【摘要】： 法经济学是运用经济学的方法和理论考察、研究法律规则和法律制度的形成、结构、效果及对经济影响的学科,它是法学和经济学科际整合的边缘学科。从学科整合的一般规律和要求来说,它应该包含所整合各学科的最基本理念,是其最基本理念的综合和精炼。由于法经济学最初由经济学界创立,自然所秉持的是效率理念,这与法学的公平正义理念发生了根本冲突。理查德·波斯纳将效率与公平正义统合为效率的解决方案并未被主流法学界认可,因为抛开公平正义价值的法经济学分析丧失了法学意义上的合法性。法经济学要真正进入法律实践而实现其学科目的,其基本理念必须涵括公平正义。 必须寻找新的分析范式重构法经济学的价值,使其同时注重公平正义和效率,并在此基础上建立新的法经济学效用函数。行为经济学因而进入了法经济学学者的视野。行为经济学是以心理学、生理学、伦理学为基石,以实验的方法研究经济现象的学科。由于其理论更接近经济社会现实,从而对经济社会具有更好的解释力和预测力。 行为经济学的经典实验“最后通牒”博弈及其进一步细化的独裁者博弈和公共品博弈试验实证了公平与效率都是人类的内生偏好,这对法经济学具有重大意义。以公平和效率并重的人类偏好为前提重新构建效用函数,不但能修正仅以效率为人类偏好的主流法经济学效用函数的不足,而且还为重新构筑整个法经济学提供了理论基础。因为综合了经济学和法学的最基本理念,这种基于行为经济学而建构的新的法经济学效用函数既取得了经济学上的实证性,又取得了法学意义上的合法性。 本文从行为经济学理论中概括出公平的内涵和外延,将纷繁复杂的公平统一为规则公平和分配公平。并在此基础上展开论述其对法经济学效用函数的影响。 通过实证规则公平对效率的影响,解析效率概念的内涵及价值判断、批驳以波斯纳为首的主流法经济学的“效率至上论”的逻辑矛盾,本文论证了效率是规则公平的函数,并总结出规则公平对法经济学效用函数的影响:规则公平不但直接影响法经济学的效用,而且通过对效率的决定作用间接影响法经济学的效用函数。 分配公平对法经济学效用函数的影响表现在三个方面:分配差别的大小直接影响法经济学的效用函数;通过影响经济效率而间接影响法经济学的效用函数;通过影响规则公平而影响法经济学的效用函数。所以,规则公平虽然对分配公平具有支配作用,但分配公平也会影响规则公平,分配公平与规则公平是一对矛盾体。本文结合罗尔斯的正义两原则与阿马蒂亚·森的能力平等理论解决了分配公平与规则公平的矛盾,实现了分配公平与规则公平的平衡,即基本能力的保障和能力发展所需条件的平等是分配公平和规则公平的平衡点。 通过规则公平、分配公平对法经济学效用函数的影响的分析论证,本文认为基于行为经济学的法经济学的效用函数是由三个变量决定的:规则公平、分配公平与效率。其中,规则公平是起决定性作用的变量,分配公平是起重要作用的变量,而效率除自然因素外,是由规则公平与分配公平决定的。故在此基础上建立了基于行为经济学的法经济学效用函数,并通过分析作为公共物品的公平在供给上具有短缺的趋势,以及对“效率优先,兼顾公平”的述评而提出了政策建议:公平至上,效率自在其中。
[Abstract]:The law economics is a subject which uses the method and the theory of economics to study the formation, structure, effect and economic influence of the legal rules and the legal system, which is an edge discipline of the law and economics. From the general rules and requirements of the whole subject, it should include the most basic idea of the whole subject, and it is the synthesis and refining of the most basic idea. Since the law economics was originally created by the economic circle, it is the efficiency idea that nature holds, which has a fundamental conflict with the law's equity and justice concept. Richard Posner's solution to the efficiency of the integration of efficiency with fairness and justice is not recognized by the mainstream law, because the law-economic analysis of the value of equity and justice has lost the legitimacy of the legal sense. In order to achieve the purpose of the law, the basic idea of law economics must cover the fairness and justice. It is necessary to find a new analytical paradigm to reconstruct the value of the law economics, to make it pay more attention to the fairness and justice and the efficiency, and to build a new law and economic effect on the basis of this. Using a function. Behavioral economics has thus entered the law-economics scholar. Behavioral economics is the foundation of psychology, physiology and ethics, and the economic phenomenon is studied in an experimental way. The theory is closer to the economic and social reality, thus having a better explanation of the economy and society. The classic experimental 鈥渦ltimatum鈥，
本文编号：2425471
[Abstract]:The law economics is a subject which uses the method and the theory of economics to study the formation, structure, effect and economic influence of the legal rules and the legal system, which is an edge discipline of the law and economics. From the general rules and requirements of the whole subject, it should include the most basic idea of the whole subject, and it is the synthesis and refining of the most basic idea. Since the law economics was originally created by the economic circle, it is the efficiency idea that nature holds, which has a fundamental conflict with the law's equity and justice concept. Richard Posner's solution to the efficiency of the integration of efficiency with fairness and justice is not recognized by the mainstream law, because the law-economic analysis of the value of equity and justice has lost the legitimacy of the legal sense. In order to achieve the purpose of the law, the basic idea of law economics must cover the fairness and justice. It is necessary to find a new analytical paradigm to reconstruct the value of the law economics, to make it pay more attention to the fairness and justice and the efficiency, and to build a new law and economic effect on the basis of this. Using a function. Behavioral economics has thus entered the law-economics scholar. Behavioral economics is the foundation of psychology, physiology and ethics, and the economic phenomenon is studied in an experimental way. The theory is closer to the economic and social reality, thus having a better explanation of the economy and society. The classic experimental 鈥渦ltimatum鈥，
本文编号：2425471
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