论民间法的法源地位及司法适用

发布时间：2019-06-17 16:14

【摘要】：我国地域宽广而且民族众多,具有多元文化背景。在漫长的历史衍变过程中,各地区各民族形成了各具特色的地域文化和民族文化,尤其是多种多样的地区民族法律文化和与之相适应的社会调控规范及秩序。民间法主要包含这些社会调控规范和秩序，这些规范、秩序规范着不同地区、不同民族人民的日常生活行为。关于民间法的研究，从法社会学家埃利希的“活法”,到我国学者提出的“知识传统说”、“本土资源说”以及“行为规则说”等等，都代表着民间法研究的不断发展和进步。但是，民间法的概念界定，其法源地位，其司法适用问题，仍然处于热议之中，值得我们进一步探讨。民间法在人们的现实生活中具有重要意义，它是调整乡土社会秩序的行为规则，是国家法的重要补充规则，也是沟通外来法律与本土资源的桥梁。然而民间法由于其自身的局限性以及观念、制度上的限制，其法源地位一直未得到国家制定法的认可，司法适用现状也不尽如人意。但是，在能动司法、和谐司法的背景下，认可民间法的地位和价值，实现民间法有助于司法实践势在必行。民间法与国家法在文化、价值上的同源性以及现行立法均为民间法的司法适用提供了可能。本文以比较研究的方法为主，兼用历史研究法和法社会学研究的方法，对民间法的概念、法源地位以及司法适用等主要问题进行了探讨。要建立健全我国的法律体制，民间法在其中起着不容忽视的作用。不管是法律制度还是法律观念，都是一定民族和国家在不同的社会基础、社会环境之下创设出来的，因而各有其特质，在我们引进、嫁接、移植外国法律的时候，如何避免其来到我国后出现“水土不服”，如何使其与我国的本土法律资源相结合，，这不仅是一个棘手的理论和现实问题，也是我国法治现代化建设的瓶颈之一。无论是大规模的法律移植，还是倾心于法律的本土资源，必须客观、公正地审视中国特定的文化背景和经济社会发展阶段，认真研究法治的根基和社会土壤，简单地移植、借鉴甚至照搬照抄，不考虑社会和民众的消化吸收能力，不与民间的非正式制度有机地联系和统一，其实施的效果也就可想而知，甚至可能会陷入制度性的困境和怪圈。因此，本文首先在法律多元背景下研究民间法，从民间法的概念界定入手，其次论证民间法的法源地位，认为民间法在我国恰当的地位是充当补充性的法律渊源。最后在分析民间法司法适用现状的基础上，找出导致民间法司法适用困境的主要原因，提出民间法的正式司法适用，并为民间法的司法适用提出了条件要求以及有效的形式。
[Abstract]:China has a wide area and a large number of ethnic groups, with a multicultural background. In the long process of historical evolution, various ethnic groups in various regions have formed their own regional culture and national culture, especially a variety of regional national legal culture and corresponding social regulation and control norms and order. Folk law mainly contains these social regulation norms and order, these norms and order regulate the daily life behavior of people in different regions and different nationalities. The study of folk law, from the "living law" of legal sociologist Erich to the "theory of knowledge tradition", "theory of local resources" and "theory of rules of conduct" put forward by Chinese scholars, all represent the continuous development and progress of the study of folk law. However, the definition of the concept of folk law, the status of its source of law, its judicial application, is still in the process of discussion, which is worthy of our further discussion. Folk law is of great significance in people's real life. It is a rule of conduct to adjust the local social order, an important supplementary rule of national law, and a bridge between foreign law and local resources. However, due to its own limitations, concepts and institutional restrictions, the status of the source of law has not been recognized by the national law, and the current situation of judicial application is not satisfactory. However, under the background of active judicature and harmonious judicature, it is imperative to recognize the status and value of folk law and realize the realization of folk law. The cultural and value homology between folk law and national law, as well as the current legislation, provide the possibility for the judicial application of folk law. Based on the method of comparative study, this paper probes into the concept of folk law, the status of the source of law and the judicial application by using the methods of historical research and sociology of law. In order to establish and perfect the legal system of our country, folk law plays an important role in it. Whether it is the legal system or the legal concept, it is created by a certain nation and country under different social foundation and social environment, so each has its own characteristics. When we introduce, grafting and transplant foreign laws, how to avoid the emergence of "water-soil disobedience" after we come to our country, and how to combine it with the local legal resources of our country, this is not only a thorny theoretical and practical problem. It is also one of the bottlenecks in the modernization of the rule of law in our country. Whether it is a large-scale legal transplantation or a local resource devoted to the law, we must objectively and impartially examine the specific cultural background and economic and social development stage of China, seriously study the foundation and social soil of the rule of law, simply transplant, draw lessons from or even copy, do not take into account the digestion and absorption of the society and the people, and do not organically connect and unify with the informal system of the people, and the effect of its implementation can be imagined. It may even fall into institutional dilemmas and strange circles. Therefore, this paper first studies folk law under the background of legal pluralism, starts with the definition of folk law, then demonstrates the status of folk law as the source of law, and holds that the appropriate position of folk law in our country is to act as a supplementary source of law. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the present situation of judicial application of civil law, this paper finds out the main reasons leading to the dilemma of judicial application of civil law, puts forward the formal judicial application of civil law, and puts forward the conditions and effective forms for the judicial application of folk law.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D920.4

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