浅析法律援助制度及其完善

发布时间：2018-01-26 06:27

本文关键词： 法律援助制度问题完善　出处：《华侨大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法律援助制度作为公民权利的一项重要司法保障措施，是社会经济和政治文明不断发展的必然结果，，是社会法治发达程度的一个里程碑，但我国理论界、实务界对法律援助的重视仍严重不足，笔者作为司法部门基层工作人员，对司法行政在基层开展法律援助工作中的不够重视特别有体会。随着我国依法治国的全面推进，法律援助制度作为司法制度建设的重要组成部分，承担着维护社会的公平和正义、保护特殊群众合法权益重要作用，对其制度建设加以完善将更加迫切需要，在2013年全国两会的政府工作报告中，健全法律援助制度作为一项重要的内容与健全维护群众权益的机制、重大决策的社会稳定风险评估和突发事件的应急管理机制进行强调，这对于我国法律援助制度建设进一步发展将有重要的推进作用。为此，笔者根据工作实践经验，结合查找、借鉴的相关资料，对国内外的法律援助制度、对基层工作开展力度进行比较分析，着力阐述法律援助的现状和存在的不足与问题，并有的放矢提出完善法律援助工作的建议，力求为基层法律援助工作提供帮助。本文共分四章：第一章对法律援助概念及特征进行阐述。结合理论界关于法律援助的概念界定,从我国的立法和实践总结对法律援助概念进行界定,详细论述了法律援助的国家义务性、受援无偿性、实质正义性等七个方面的特征；第二章对我国法律援助制度的现状和存在问题进行阐述。以法律援助制度在我国的形成和发展的情况为基础，介绍了法律援助制度在这一二十年的发展中取得的巨大成就，同时结合实践经验对法律援助在法律规定、组织实施、资源状况和社会参与等四个方面存在的不足进行详细的解析；第三章对国外法律援助制度进行简要介绍。通过法律援助制度在国外的发展过程以及英美日等国家法律援助制度的简要说明，总结出国外法律援助制度最少在法律体系完善、国家责任落实、援助质量保证和援助范围广泛四个方面可以给我国法律援助制度的发展和完善提供良好的借鉴；第四章对完善我国法律援助制度提出建议。从完善法律体系的建设、优化法律援助的机制、挖掘法律援助的资源和着力法律援助的普及四个大方面进行详细的阐述，认为要制定专门的法律和完善配套的法规，要合理设置机构、注重全面发展和落实质量保障，要扩大法律援助实施主体和资金来源，要通过宣传教育提高社团组织和群众的参与。总之，法律援助制度的完善涉及法律援助立法、组织实施等很多方面的内容，需要一个过程，更需要社会不同群体的共同努力。
[Abstract]:Legal aid system, as an important judicial safeguard measure of citizens' rights, is the inevitable result of the continuous development of social economy and political civilization, and a milestone of the development of social rule of law, but the theoretical circle of our country. The attention of the practical circles to legal aid is still seriously inadequate, the author as the grass-roots staff of the judiciary. With the comprehensive development of the rule of law in China, the legal aid system as an important part of the construction of judicial system. Taking on the important role of safeguarding social fairness and justice, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the special masses, it will be more urgent to perfect its system construction, in the government work report of the two sessions of the whole country in 2013. Sound legal aid system as an important content and improve the protection of the rights and interests of the masses mechanism, major decision-making of social stability risk assessment and emergency management mechanism for emergencies are emphasized. This will play an important role in the further development of China's legal aid system. Therefore, according to the work experience, combined with the relevant information, the author of the legal aid system at home and abroad. To carry out comparative analysis of grass-roots work, focusing on the current situation of legal aid and the shortcomings and problems, and put forward targeted recommendations to improve the work of legal aid. Strive to provide assistance for grassroots legal aid work. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter expounds the concept and characteristics of legal aid. Combined with the definition of the concept of legal aid in the theoretical circle, it defines the concept of legal aid from the legislation and practice of our country. It discusses in detail the characteristics of legal aid in seven aspects, such as the national obligation, the gratuitous nature of receiving aid, the substantial justice, and so on. The second chapter expounds the current situation and existing problems of the legal aid system in China, based on the formation and development of the legal aid system in China. This paper introduces the great achievements of the legal aid system in the development of this decade and twenty years, and at the same time, combines the practical experience to organize the implementation of the legal aid in the legal provisions. The problems in four aspects, such as resource status and social participation, are analyzed in detail. The third chapter briefly introduces the foreign legal aid system. Through the legal aid system in the process of development in foreign countries and Anglo-American legal aid system of Japan and other countries a brief description of the legal aid system. It is concluded that the foreign legal aid system can provide a good reference for the development and improvement of our legal aid system in four aspects: the perfection of legal system, the implementation of national responsibility, the guarantee of aid quality and the wide range of aid. Chapter 4th puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legal aid system of our country, from perfecting the construction of the legal system, optimizing the mechanism of the legal aid. Excavating the resources of legal aid and focusing on the popularization of legal aid are elaborated in detail, and it is considered that special laws and regulations should be developed and appropriate institutions should be set up. We should pay attention to the overall development and implementation of quality assurance, expand the subject of legal aid implementation and sources of funds, and increase the participation of mass organizations and the masses through publicity and education. In a word, the perfection of legal aid system involves many aspects, such as legal aid legislation, organization and implementation, etc. It needs a process and the joint efforts of different social groups.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926.5

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