我国法官错案终身追究制度的完善研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 10:27

本文选题：司法体制改革　切入点：主审法官　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：党的十八届四中全会提到法官“对案件终身负责制”,对法官终身责任制的探讨,不仅在学术界展开了积极讨论,更在实践中积极落实,各地在实践探索中形成法官员额制、错案责任倒查问责制等。在推进司法改革,完善审判制度的背景下,为消除司法腐败、提高办案质量、维护司法公正,我国法院系统纷纷设立法官错案终身追究制度。虽然此项制度设立实施以来具有一定的积极意义,但是,其在理论层面和实践层面均存在一定的不足和缺陷。本文旨在通过对错案追究制度进行深入分析,反思和检视我国目前实行的法官错案责任追究制度的弊端,指出该项制度存在的问题并提出完善法官错案责任追究制度的若干构想。本文以期通过研究我国法官错案责任追究制度,试图建立并完善司法监督和法官惩戒制度,从而有效避免冤假错案的发生,以促进司法公正和独立、保障法官和当事人的合法权益。本文第一章是我国法官错案终身追究制度的理论概述。第一节分析了我国依法治国的政治背景和纠正冤假错案的实践背景;第二节总结了我国法官错案终身追究制度的历史沿革及时代特征;第三节论述了我国法官错案终身追究制推行的必要性即有利于推动司法专业化和职业化发展、革除“审者不判,判者不审”弊端的路径、有利于提高司法效率;第四节从错案责任追究制的基础铺垫和社会公平正义观念的深入两个方面阐述我国法官错案终身追究制推行的可行性。本文第二章阐述司法体制改革下我国法官错案终身追究制的作用。第一节分析了法官错案终身追究制在我国审判实践中的指导作用;第二节主要是阐述法官错案终身追究制在我国法院系统中的内部监督;第三节论述我国法官错案终身追究制在法官群体中的制约功能。本文第三章内容主要总结了司法体制改革下我国法官错案终身追究制存在的问题。首先是我国法官错案终身追究制度对责任法官惩罚的严厉程度即惩戒程序缺乏规范性和惩戒措施行政化;其次是我国法官错案终身追究制中法官与当事人对错案标准的认识存在偏差;最后是我国法官错案终身追究制中责任的承担与错案救济机制失衡。本文第四章内容主要是域外法官错案责任追究制度考察及评析,分别从美国、德国、日本的司法惩戒制度方面进行阐述,希望从其中的内容着手可以找到值得我国错案终身追究制借鉴的地方,进而完善我国的法官惩戒制度。本文第五章的主要内容就是提出司法体制改革下我国法官错案终身追究制的完善措施。第一是加强法官队伍职业道德教育和执业技能培训,从增设法官从业前职业道德素质培养的课程与训练、完善法官在职期间的职业道德素质培养制度两个途径来进行完善;第二是从设立部门统一行使监督权、构建完整高效的内部监督制约体系和完善法官惩戒机制三个方面健全规范化的法院内部监督与惩戒机制。第三是确立具有可操作性的错案责任追究适用标准;第四完善法官的责任与权力救济机制,通过建立健全法官的错案豁免制度来保障法官的权利,促进我国法官错案终身追究制度的完善发展。
[Abstract]:The party said in the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee the judge responsible for the case of a lifetime ", discussion about the lifelong responsibility system, not only in academic circles started to actively discuss more actively implement, in practice around the formation of the system of judges, the investigations responsibility for misjudged cases of accountability. In judicial reform, perfecting the judicial system under the background of and in order to eliminate judicial corruption, improve the quality of handling cases, safeguard judicial justice, the court system in our country have set up lifelong accountability system. Although the judge misjudged cases since the system establishment has positive significance, but certain, it has some shortcomings and deficiencies in theory and practice. This paper aims to the misjudged case investigation system the thorough analysis, reflection and review the current practice of the drawbacks of the liability of misjudged cases system, points out the problems in the system and to improve the judge Some ideas of misjudged accountability system. In this paper, through the research of our country judge misjudged accountability system, to establish and perfect the judicial supervision and judge disciplinary system, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of miscarriages of justice, to promote judicial justice and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of independent judges and parties. The first chapter of this paper is in China the judge misjudged lifelong accountability system outlined in the theory. The first section analyzes the practical background of the rule of law in our country's political background and correct miscarriages of justice; the second section summarizes our country judge misjudged case history and era characteristics of lifelong accountability system; the third section discusses our country judge misjudged lifelong accountability system introduced the necessity to promote the judicial specialization and occupation development, which is not the trial judge who sentenced persons without trial malpractice path, is conducive to improve judicial efficiency; the fourth section from the misjudged case responsibility system The concept of foundation and social justice into two aspects of China's lifelong accountability system to implement the feasibility of judge misjudged cases. The second chapter discusses the reform of the judicial system in China under the judge misjudged lifelong accountability role. The first section analyzes the guiding role of lifelong accountability misjudged cases in the judicial practice of China; the second section this is the wrong lifelong accountability system of internal supervision in our court system; the third section discusses our country judge misjudged lifelong accountability control function in the system of judge group. The third chapter mainly sums up the reform of the judicial system in China under the judge misjudged lifelong accountability problems. The first is our judge wrong life system for the severity of the punishment is the duty of judges disciplinary procedures lack of normative and administrative disciplinary measures; second is our judge lifelong accountability system in misjudged cases There is a deviation of the judge and the parties recognize the misjudged case; and finally bear the misjudged cases in China judge misjudged lifelong accountability responsibility relief mechanism imbalance. In the fourth chapter, the main content is outside of the liability of misjudged cases system investigation and analysis, respectively, from the United States, Germany, Japan's judicial disciplinary system are discussed, from which I hope the set can be found worthy of our wrong lifelong accountability system of reference, and perfecting the judge disciplinary system. The main content of the fifth chapter is put forward the reform of the judicial system in China under the judge misjudged lifelong accountability measures. The first is to strengthen the judges occupation moral education and professional skills training, from additional courses the judge and training of pre service occupation moral quality training, improve the occupation moral quality judge in-service training system in two ways Perfect; second is the exercise of supervision from the Department set up a unified, three aspects of constructing a complete and efficient internal supervision system and improve the disciplinary mechanisms of standardized court internal supervision and punishment mechanism. The third is to establish a workable accountability misjudged applicable standards; fourth to improve the responsibility and power of the relief mechanism, through the to establish and perfect the judge misjudged the exemption system to protect the judge's rights, promote our country judge misjudged lifelong accountability system's development.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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