农村地区调解法官模式研究
发布时间:2018-04-09 18:27
本文选题:农村地区 切入点:矛盾化解 出处:《山东大学》2012年硕士论文
【摘要】:当前,我国正处在经济、政治体制改革不断深化,各类矛盾日益频发的社会转型期。在局部地区,尤其是部分欠发达农村地区,各类矛盾纠纷日益凸显,一定程度上危及到农村地区的长治久安。基层人民法庭肩负着在农村地区排查纠纷矛盾、定分止争的重任,其审判职能的发挥有赖于一支强有力的法官队伍来实现。当前,欠发达农村地区普遍存在着案件类型单一、审判方式以调解为主的现实特点,基层人民法庭也面临着案多人少的司法困境。只有尽快组建一支有丰富办案经验、适应农村社会需求的实用型法官,才能充分发挥人民法庭的基层堡垒作用,使其真正成为化解矛盾纠纷、维护农村稳定的定海神针。 本文共分四个部分。第一部分解读基层法庭现实困境,选取S省H县人民法庭为样本,分析当前欠发达农村地区人民法庭普遍存在的审判力量捉襟见肘、案件数量持续递增、年龄结构明显断层、人员素质参差不齐、外部引援困难重重等现实弊端。 第二部分透视农村民众现实司法需求,通过对典型案例的深入剖析,得出农村社会对基层人民法官的特殊需求,即化解纠纷而又不伤和气,辨法析理做到通俗易懂;灵活利用乡土法治资源;妥善化解法条习惯差异。并指出调解法官模式的特有优势特点,符合当前基层农村社会和基层民众的现实司法需求。 第三部分对国外相关制度进行借鉴。通过对英国治安法官制度特点和优势的的考察,得出差异化准入的法官等级制度和高效便捷的治安法官模式加以考察,得出法官职业化和精英化并不排斥法官队伍的多层次性,非职业化要素同样可以在职业化的大格局中存在的现实启示。 第四部分提出调解法官选任模式。通过拓宽调解法官的选拔渠道,明确调解法官的职责范围,确保调解法官的人员流动,赋予调解法官必要的优惠政策等措施,在现有的四等十二级法官体系之外,配备在基层人民法庭专职从事简易民事案件调解工作的调解法官。 第五部分探索调解法官模式的具体适用,对调解法官模式的适用作必要的流程设计,确保调解活动顺畅开展的同时,实现调解过程与诉讼程序的合理衔接。考虑到调解法官受自身法律知识不全面,及阅历、背景、行业乃至地域因素的限制,影响判决结果公正的现象或许会有所发生,为确保调解法官模式的合理适用,应对调解法官的权责范围作出必要限定,打造一支适应人民法庭基本职能,适应农村地区经济社会水平,适应农村当事人特殊司法需求的调解法官队伍。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the economic, the political system reform unceasingly deepens, each kind of contradiction day by day frequent social transformation period.In some areas, especially in some undeveloped rural areas, all kinds of contradictions and disputes are increasingly prominent, to a certain extent, endangering the long-term stability of rural areas.The grass-roots people's courts shoulder the task of investigating disputes and settling disputes in rural areas. The exertion of their trial functions depends on a strong contingent of judges.At present, there is a single type of cases in the underdeveloped rural areas, and the trial mode is mainly mediation. The grass-roots people's courts are also faced with the judicial dilemma of more cases and fewer people.Only by setting up a practical judge who has rich experience in handling cases and adapting to the needs of rural society can we give full play to the basic-level fortress of the people's court and make it a real lifeline to resolve contradictions and disputes and maintain stability in rural areas.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part interprets the realistic predicament of the basic court, selects the people's court of H county in S province as the sample, analyzes that the trial power of the people's court in the underdeveloped rural area is overstretched, the number of cases continues to increase, and the age structure is obviously broken.The quality of personnel is uneven, external difficulties and other practical drawbacks.The second part perspective the rural people's realistic judicial demand, through the thorough analysis of the typical case, draws the special demand of the rural society to the grass-roots people judge, namely solves the dispute but does not hurt the harmony, the differentiation law analysis reason achieves is easy to understand;Flexible use of local resources of the rule of law; properly resolve differences in the customs of laws.It also points out that the unique advantages of the mediation judge model accord with the actual judicial needs of the grassroots rural society and grassroots people.The third part draws lessons from foreign related systems.Based on the investigation of the characteristics and advantages of the British magistrates' system, this paper draws a conclusion that the differentiated access of judges and the efficient and convenient mode of magistrates are investigated. It is concluded that the professionalization and excellence of judges do not exclude the multi-level nature of the judges' ranks.Non-professional elements can also exist in the professionalization of the reality of enlightenment.The fourth part puts forward the model of mediation judge selection.By broadening the channels for the selection of mediation judges, clarifying the scope of their responsibilities, ensuring the mobility of mediation judges, giving them the necessary preferential policies, and so on, in addition to the existing system of judges of grade four and twelve,The mediation judges who are full-time engaged in the mediation of summary civil cases in the basic people's courts.The fifth part explores the specific application of mediation judge model, the application of mediation judge model for the necessary flow design, to ensure the smooth development of mediation activities at the same time, to achieve a reasonable connection between the mediation process and the proceedings.Considering that conciliation judges may be affected by the imperfections of their own legal knowledge and limited by experience, background, industry and even geographical factors, in order to ensure the rational application of the model of conciliation judges,It is necessary to limit the scope of the powers and responsibilities of the mediation judges, and build a contingent of mediation judges who can adapt to the basic functions of the people's courts, adapt to the economic and social level in rural areas, and adapt to the special judicial needs of the rural parties.
【学位授予单位】:山东大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2012
【分类号】:D926.2
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