我国值班律师制度的构建

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:07

本文选题：值班律师制度 + 法律援助制度　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国改革开放程度的加深和经济发展水平的提高，以及我国民众法律意识的不断增强，使得现实生活中寻求法律服务的人越来越多，但由于我国经济发展的不平衡性导致贫富差距越来越悬殊，加之现有法律援助制度在准入门槛上的严苛，导致社会上绝大多数的人在寻求法律帮助时却得不到帮助，合法权益受到侵犯。面对这样的境况，将值班律师制度引入到我国的法律援助体系中来，以解决现有法律援助制度存在的缺陷和不足，从而最终构建起我国的值班律师制度。在本文中，笔者采用了调查法、比较法、经验总结法等科学的研究方法对论文进行了详尽的阐述。首先，笔者在文章中对值班律师制度的概念、基本性质和特征进行了简要的归纳、概括和总结，得出了值班律师制度独有的特点。同时，值班律师制度在2006年被引入到我国，司法部经过研究讨论决定将河南省焦作市修武县作为首个试点地区，取得了宝贵经验和教训，之后将值班律师制度的试点工作推向全国，但是在值班律师制度的运行过程中也暴露了许多的缺陷和不足。面对这样的问题，笔者将思路转向了国外，因为值班律师制度在国外已实行了很多年，国外许多国家对其都有较为完善的规定，笔者选取其中三个较为典型的国家——英国、日本和加拿大，对这三个国家值班律师制度的立法规定和司法运行进行了非常详细的介绍，并总结得出了对我国值班律师制度构建上的经验启示。那么，该制度虽然在外国运行得非常良好，但是我国是否有必要有条件构建该制度呢？接下来，笔者就对值班律师制度在我国构建的必要性和可行性进行了详细地分析，以表明我国需要该制度，，并且我国在各方面已经具备了构建该制度的条件。在做足了各项准备工作和充分的论证分析之后，笔者对我国值班律师制度的构建进行了多方面多角度的探索。对我国值班律师制度如何进行全方位的构建才是本文论述的归结点，前述简要介绍和分析值班律师制度的概念、性质和特征；介绍值班律师制度在我国的试点运行情况；详细分析英国、日本和加拿大三国值班律师制度的立法规定和司法运行状况及从中获得的经验启示；分析值班律师制度在我国构建的必要性和可行性，所有这些都是为我国如何构建值班律师制度而服务的。在论述我国值班律师制度构建的过程中，笔者认为，一项制度要想运行顺畅，首先就要有法可依，也就是从立法上对该项制度进行全面细致明确的规定。接下来，再在制度运行的各个环节上下功夫，比如，明确值班律师制度组织机构和工作场所的提供、加强检法部门与值班律师管理机构的协调运行和强化值班律师制度与司法救助制度之间的互免审查机制、提供专业且高素质的律师人才队伍、健全值班律师制度的监督管理机制。我国进行值班律师制度的试点工作和最终构建起值班律师制度，是因为该制度本身所具有的制度价值不仅可以弥补目前我国法律援助制度的不足和缺陷，而且对加强检察院、法院、公安机关，律师与普通民众之间的沟通和理解发挥着不可替代的作用。同时，如果值班律师制度能够有效实施，对保障我国民众的基本人权，尤其是保障犯罪嫌疑人和被告人的基本人权将具有划时代的意义，而且对保持社会关系的和谐和社会秩序的稳定也必将起到除此无他的作用。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's reform and opening up and raising the level of economic development, and constantly enhance the legal consciousness of our people, more and more people seeking legal services in real life, but because of the unbalance of China's economic development has led to the widening gap between the rich and the poor, and the existing legal aid system in the access threshold in harsh, the vast majority of people seeking legal assistance without help, legitimate rights and interests are infringed. Faced with this situation, the duty lawyer system was introduced to China's legal aid system in order to solve the defects of the existing legal aid system and deficiencies, and finally construct in our country the duty lawyer system.
In this paper, the author adopts the investigation method, comparison research method, experience method, scientific papers for a detailed elaboration. First of all, the author of the duty lawyer system concept, basic properties and characteristics are briefly summarized, summed up and summarized, obtained the unique features of the duty lawyer system at the same time, the duty lawyer system was introduced into China in 2006, the Ministry of justice decided after research and discussion Xiuwu County of Henan Province, Jiaozuo city as the first pilot area, gained valuable experience and lessons of the pilot work after the duty lawyer system into the country, but in the operation process of the duty counsel system has also exposed many the defects and deficiencies. In the face of such problems, the author thought to the outside, because the duty lawyer system has been practiced for many years in foreign countries, many foreign countries have relatively perfect regulations of its Set, the author selected three typical countries: Britain, Japan and Canada, the legislative provisions of the three countries on duty lawyer system and the judicial operation described in great detail, and summarizes the experience and Enlightenment of our duty counsel system construction. So, although the system runs in foreign countries very good, but the necessity and possibility to build the system? Next, the author carried on a duty counsel system in the necessity and feasibility of constructing our country's detailed analysis, to show the need for the system in our country, and our country in all aspects has been the construction of the system after the conditions. Do all the preparatory work of analysis and argumentation, the author explores various aspects to construct the duty lawyer system in our country.
On the construction of our duty counsel system how to carry out a full range of is discussed in this paper to the nodes, the concept of a brief introduction and analysis of the duty lawyer system, nature and characteristics; the duty lawyer system in our country, the operation of the pilot; a detailed analysis of the UK legislation in Japan and Canada and three on duty lawyer system the operating conditions and the experience gained enlightenment; dutycounsel lawyer system in the necessity and feasibility of construction in our country, all of these are for our service and how to construct the duty lawyer system. In the discussion of our value system in the process of constructing the class of lawyers, the author believes that a system to run smoothly first of all, it is the law, from the legislation of the system of comprehensive and detailed provisions clear. Next, further efforts, in all aspects of system operation such as clear duty Legal system of the organization and work place, the mutual exemption of review mechanism of coordination between departments and strengthen the operation management mechanism and strengthen the duty lawyer on duty lawyer system and judicial relief system, to provide professional and high-quality legal personnel, supervision and management mechanism and perfect the duty lawyer system.
Our pilot work duty lawyer system and finally construct the duty lawyer system, because the value of the system itself has not only can make up for the current China's legal aid system deficiencies and defects, and to strengthen the procuratorate, the court, the public security organs, between lawyers and ordinary people communicate and understand play alternative. At the same time, if the duty lawyer system can be effectively implemented, to protect the basic human rights of Chinese people, especially the basic human rights of the suspect and the defendant has epoch-making significance, but also to maintain social harmony and stability of the social order will also play an addition to his role.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.5

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