新中国移植前苏联检察制度问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 13:55

本文选题：法律移植 + 新中国检察制度　；参考：《天津商业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国现行检察制度是在上个世纪70年代末80年代初重新确立的,学术界对现行检察制度改革产生了明显的分歧,这与检察制度稳定存在、法律监督职能不断强化的事实形成了鲜明对比。本文试图采取一种更加符合历史和现实的本土主义分析立场,将检察制度这一具体制度从法律移植的角度进行专门的考察和研究,来弄清新中国检察制度稳定存在的内在机理。在移植前苏联检察制度前,国内已有的相关制度资源因为时代要求、政治因素或自身局限,都难以满足新中国的相关制度建设需要。在这种情况下,基于共同的意识形态和相似的政权建设需要,新中国最终选择移植前苏联检察制度就成为历史的必然。作为法律移植的供体,前苏联检察制度是在列宁的法律监督思想指导下形成的,有着深刻的国内背景。新中国为移植前苏联检察制度在理论移植方面做了大量工作。从对移植的立法经过的历史考察和比较分析中我们可以看出:一方面因为政权建设的需要新中国对前苏联检察制度的很多内容进行了移植;另一方面又因为国内背景的不同和政治形势的变动对移植的主要内容——包括检察机关的宪法地位、领导体制和职权配置进行了本土改造。不过,新中国的检察制度仍然包含了一些本土法文化因素,包括古代御史制度、集权主义和泛政治化等传统法文化因素的影响,以及“人民性”、“党的领导”和“民主集中制”等新中国现实政治影响下形成的法文化因素。正是这些移植内容的本土化和本土法文化因素的存在,共同构成了新中国的检察制度;也正是因为新中国在通过移植建立自己的检察制度时走了一条本土化的道路,并承担了一系列政治和社会职能,而这些正是新中国检察制度稳定存在的内在机理。最后,本文认为新中国作为一种“政治引导型国家”,在进行法律移植时有一些自身的特点,而其核心是要如何处理法律移植与政治权威及其“政治引导”之间的关系。
[Abstract]:Our current procuratorial system is in the last century at the end of 70s early 80s re established, the academic circles have obvious differences to the current reform of the procuratorial system, the existence and stability of procuratorial system, strengthen the function of legal supervision in stark contrast. This paper attempts to take a more in line with the history and reality of Nativism analysis of the position of the prosecutorial system in terms of legal transplant special investigation and study, to get the stability of new Chinese procuratorial system. The internal mechanism of procuratorial system of the Soviet Union before transplantation, the related system within the existing resources in the country because of the requirements of the times, political factors or their own limitations, can hardly meet the needs of the construction of the new system China. In this case, the common ideology and similar regime construction based on the need of the new China eventually transplanted from the former Soviet Union procuratorial system Will become the inevitable trend of history. As the donor of legal transplantation, the former Soviet Union procuratorial system is formed in Lenin's legal supervision under the guidance of thinking, a profound domestic background. The new Chinese is transplanted from the former Soviet Union procuratorial system in the theory of transplantation has done a lot of work. From the history of the legislation after transplantation and comparison in the analysis we can see: on the one hand because of the need to build a new regime of the former Soviet Union China procuratorial system a lot of content of transplantation; on the other hand, because of the different background of the domestic political situation and changes in the main content of transplantation, including the constitutional status of the procuratorial organs, leadership system and power allocation for local transformation. However, the procuratorial system of new China still contains some local law cultural factors, including the ancient censor system, the traditional culture factors of totalitarianism and politicized and so on Ring, and the "people", "cultural factors in the formation of the leadership of the party" and "democratic centralism" and other new Chinese reality under the political influence. It is native and native legal culture factors such as the presence of transplantation, constitute the procuratorial system of new China; it is also because the new Chinese walked the localization of the road in the establishment of the procuratorial system through their own transplants, and take a series of political and social functions, which is the intrinsic mechanism of the existence of stable procuratorial system of new Chinese. Finally, the paper argues that the new Chinese as a "leading countries" politics, there are some characteristics in legal transplantation however, its core is how to handle the legal transplantation and political authority and political guide "the relationship between them.

【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.3

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