论职务犯罪中的初查制

发布时间：2018-04-21 16:49

本文选题：职务犯罪 + 初查制度　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国检察机关在查处职务犯罪案件的过程中所面临的问题越来越严峻,职务犯罪初查制度在检察机关查办职务犯罪过程中具有极为重要的作用。但是,目前初查制度缺乏法律上的依据,也没有健全的规范体系,导致其与社会主义法制建设的步伐不相协调,使检察机关的侦查活动陷入种种困境,不可避免地出现诸多争议。本文从职务犯罪的概念、现如今职务犯罪具有的新特征以及职务犯罪带来的影响及危害出发,具体围绕我国理论界、实践界对初查制度理论界定及合法性的争议,初查制度在我国检察机关查处职务犯罪案件时的法律功能,其立法、司法现状及存在的问题,以及如何进一步完善初查制度等方面进行探讨,试图从多角度、多层次对初查制度进行探究分析,旨在建立健全我国关于初查制度的规范体系,并使其在司法实践中得到最大效能的使用。本文第一部分主要介绍了职务犯罪的概念、特征(本质特征和现阶段的新特征)、影响及危害,职务犯罪是具有一定特殊身份的人,主要为国家工作人员,利用其职务上的便利,为谋取私人利益,故意或者过失地不履行自己应尽的职责,不依法承担自已应承担的义务,危害国家和人民的行为,其本质特征在于犯罪主体必须具备一定的特殊身份,而且该主体从事的犯罪活动必须与其主体身份相关,在当今时代,职务犯罪又具有了一些新的特征,这种犯罪类型对国家对人民的危害都是深远的,这一切都给检察机关查处职务犯罪案件带来了难题,检察机关在接到有关职务犯罪的线索时,在不确定是否存在犯罪事实及是否应当承担刑事责任时,都会事先进行初步调查,这就是所谓的初查,这是我国检察机关在办案实践过程中总结出来的做法,其关系到整个案件的办理,然而,如此重要的一项制度,却在我国的刑诉法中没有明确规定,只是在相关司法解释中有所涉及,这就为实践中检察机关的办案活动带来了诸多的不确定,很久以来,我国的司法界和理论界就都对初查制度的概念和合法性存在争议,要正确认识初查的概念和性质。本文的第二部分分别从准确立案、保障人权、节约司法资源提高效率以及慎立案几个方面介绍了初查制度的法律功能。本文第三部分介绍了我国目前在初查制度立法方面的情况,整体来说,就体现为初查规程的凌乱性。本文第四部分介绍了我国的初查制度在司法实践活动中具体应用的现状及存在的问题,主要体现为现行初查制度对侦查功能的弱化、对办案效能提高的制约、人权保障措施的欠缺以及对侦查成本的浪费等方面。第五部分则分别从立法、司法角度,提供了一些规范我国初查制度的具体构想。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the procuratorial organs in our country are facing more and more serious problems in the process of investigating and dealing with job-related crimes. The system of initial investigation of job-related crimes plays an extremely important role in the process of investigating and handling job-related crimes by procuratorial organs. However, at present, the initial investigation system lacks a legal basis and a sound normative system, which leads to a lack of coordination with the pace of the construction of the socialist legal system, resulting in various difficulties for the investigation activities of the procuratorial organs. Inevitably, there are many controversies. Starting from the concept of duty crime, the new characteristics of present duty crime and the influence and harm brought by duty crime, this paper focuses on the theoretical definition and legitimacy of the primary investigation system in the theoretical and practical circles of our country. This paper discusses the legal function, legislation, judicial status and existing problems of the initial investigation system in the investigation and handling of job-related crimes by the procuratorial organs in China, as well as how to further improve the initial investigation system, in order to try to explore from various angles. The purpose of this paper is to establish and perfect the normative system of the initial investigation system in our country, and to make it most effective in judicial practice. The first part of this paper mainly introduces the concept of duty crime, its characteristics (essential characteristics and new features at the present stage), influence and harm. The duty crime is a person with a certain special status, mainly a national staff member. In order to seek private interests, intentionally or negligently do not perform their due duties, do not undertake their own obligations according to law, and harm the country and the people. Its essential characteristic lies in the fact that the subject of the crime must have a certain special status. Moreover, the criminal activities engaged in by this subject must be related to its subject identity. In the present era, job-related crimes also have some new characteristics. This type of crime is far-reaching to the country's harm to the people. All this has brought difficulties to the procuratorial organs in investigating and dealing with job-related crimes. When the procuratorial organs receive clues about job-related crimes, when they are uncertain about the existence of the facts of the crime and whether they should bear criminal responsibility, they will conduct preliminary investigations in advance. This is the so-called initial investigation. This is the practice summed up by our procuratorial organs in the course of handling cases. It relates to the handling of the whole case. However, such an important system is not clearly stipulated in the Criminal procedure Law of our country. Only in the relevant judicial interpretation, this has brought a lot of uncertainty for the procuratorial organs' handling of cases in practice. For a long time, the judicial and theoretical circles of our country have disputed the concept and legitimacy of the initial investigation system. We should correctly understand the concept and nature of initial investigation. The second part of this paper introduces the legal function of the initial investigation system from the aspects of accurate filing, protecting human rights, saving judicial resources and improving efficiency. The third part of this paper introduces the current situation of our country in the preliminary investigation system legislation, as a whole, it reflects the disorder of the preliminary inspection rules. The fourth part of this paper introduces the current situation and existing problems of the application of the initial investigation system in the judicial practice, which is mainly reflected in the weakening of the investigation function of the current initial investigation system and the restriction on the improvement of the efficiency of handling cases. The deficiency of human rights protection measures and the waste of investigation cost. The fifth part, from the angle of legislation and judicature, provides some concrete ideas of standardizing the system of initial investigation in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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