不同层级检察机关的功能定位与权限划分

发布时间：2018-05-02 05:23

本文选题：检察机关 + 功能　；参考：《河南社会科学》2016年02期

【摘要】：我国现行《宪法》第一百二十九条规定,人民检察院是国家的法律监督机关,但立法并未对检察机关的层级功能与权限划分作出明确规定,仅笼统规定上下级之间具有领导关系,各级检察机关的职能上下对应。世界各主要国家和地区的检察制度,在中央和地方检察机关的层级关系上,大体可以分为三种类型:一是垂直领导型,即国家(联邦、中央)的检察机关领导各级地方检察机关,地方上级检察机关领导下级检察机关,该类型有俄罗斯、日本。二是互相平行型,即国家(联邦、中央)的检察机关和地方的检察机关平行,相互之间无隶属关系,该类型为美国。三是混合型,即国家(联邦、中央)的检察机关和地方的检察机关平行,但在地方检察机关的层级关系上,不同层级的地方检察机关之间有领导与被领导关系。伴随着检察职能的不断扩充和强化,为充分保障检察权的独立、统一行使,自成体系、垂直管理和组织进一步严密化的改革方向已日益成为各国检察机关管理体制改革的主旋律。
[Abstract]:Article 129 of the present Constitution of our country stipulates that the people's Procuratorate is the legal supervisory organ of the state, but the legislation does not clearly specify the hierarchical function and the division of competence of the procuratorial organ. Only general provisions between the upper and lower leadership relationship, procuratorial organs at all levels of the functions of the corresponding. The procuratorial systems of major countries and regions in the world can be broadly divided into three types in the hierarchical relationship between central and local procuratorial organs: one is vertical leadership, namely the state (federal, The procuratorial organs at all levels lead the procuratorial organs at all levels, and the procuratorial organs at the local higher levels lead the procuratorial organs at the lower levels, such as Russia and Japan. The other is the parallel type, that is, the national (federal, central) procuratorial organs and local procuratorial organs parallel, there is no subordinate relationship between each other, this type is the United States. The third is mixed type, that is, the procuratorial organs of the state (federal and central) are parallel to the procuratorial organs of the local areas, but in the hierarchical relationship of the local procuratorial organs, there is a relationship between the leading and the led among the local procuratorial organs of different levels. With the continuous expansion and strengthening of the procuratorial function, in order to fully guarantee the independence of the procuratorial power and the unified exercise of the procuratorial power, the procuratorial function becomes its own system. The reform direction of vertical management and organization is becoming the main theme of the management system reform of procuratorial organs in various countries.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学;
【分类号】：D926.3

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