论和谐社会语境下人民调解制度的加强与完善

发布时间：2018-05-02 07:08

本文选题：人民调解组织 + 发展　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放进程的不断推进,经济社会发展还面临许多社会矛盾和挑战,实际上进入了社会矛盾多发时期。城乡收入差距、地区收入差距以及社会阶层收入差距持续拉大,劳动争议案件高位增长,各种群体性事件不断发生。社会安全形势比较严峻,矿难事故不断,食品药品安全问题频发,环境灾难事件急剧增加、危害日益凸显。在这样的大环境下,纠纷数量显著增加,而且纠纷的复杂性也日益加大,进而解决难度也随之增大,同时人们对纠纷的解决,更渴望高效率、低费用的意思自治,在此种情形下,过去一直以法院审判为主之司法解决纠纷模式,越来越显现其局限性,为此拓展非诉讼或审判外的解决纠纷方式,已是我国发展市场经济进程中,刻不容缓之要务。因此可以说在这样的背景下研究人民调解制度的发展与完善无论从理论上还是实践当中无疑都具有十分重大的意义。本文第一部分首先是通过对调解委员会的法律性质、调解案件之范围、调解委员会之组织、调解委员会之管辖、调解结果、调解之救济、六个方面对人民调解组织进行重新界定,其次是通过对中国传统文化、西方文化以及马克思主义当中的关于和谐社会的理论渊源进行了梳理,最后对于人民调解组织的发展与和谐社会建设的关系即和谐社会为人民调解制度的发展提供了土壤、人民调解制度是构建和谐社会的必然选择以及人民调解制度有利于社会稳定的实现进行了简单的分析。第二部分对调解制度的三种表现形式人民调解、行政调解和法院调解进行了简单的论述,进而概括出调解制度的特点即自愿性、中立性以及公正性,优点即调解成本的低廉性、能使当事人愿意落实调解协议书条款以及能保护当事人自己受损的关系,缺点即调解范围的局限性、调解的被动型以及调解过程的不公开性。第三部分主要是针对现行人民调解组织所产生的问题即人民调解委员会的自治职能错位、人民调解委员会的越位性以及法律规定的模糊以及产生这些问题的原因即传统儒家文化的影响、诉讼的不可控性以及法治的神圣化进行了深入了探讨,其次对人民调解组织所产生的问题对于和谐社会建设的危害即使和谐社会的建设丧失了前提和基础和丧失对和谐社会氛围的有效保障进行了论述。在这一部分当中,笔者认为尤其要注意的是产生人民调解组织问题的原因,自古以来,三部论语治天下成为统治者的共识,因此对儒家文化的颂扬成为统治者的必修课,另外就如费孝通教授所说“中国是一个熟人社会”,在这个熟人社会当中,低头不见抬头见,也就使得人民调解组织有其存在并发展壮大的客观现实。第四部分首先针对人民调解组织完善所应该依据的原则即法治化原则、统一性与多样性原则以及意思自治原则进行了一些梳理,其次主要是从四个方面即淡化党委领导色彩、加强基层法院对调解业务之指导、人民调解机制应力求专业化以及结合法制宣传教育工作展开对人民调解制度的完善发展提出笔者自己的建议,在这四个建议中,笔者认为更应该着重注意的是第三个即人民调解机制应力求专业化,并从专业程序、专业人员以及财政保证等三个方面保证人民调解机制专业化的实现；其次应该把淡化党委对人民调解组织的领导放在越来越重要的位置,人民调解组织属于基层群众自治性组织,理应享有基层群众自治组织的自我管理、自我教育以及自我服务,党委应该从领导职能逐步转化为指导职能,给予人民调解组织以必要的自治权力,只有如此,人民调解组织才能真正自主健康的发展；再然后是基层法院对人民调解组织的业务指导,基层人民法院对人民调解组织仅限于业务指导,但可以对人民调解组织一些明显违法行为进行纠正,否则不能干预人民调解组织的正常运转；最后是结合法制宣传教育工作,提高广大人民群众的法制意识,尤其是人民调解员的法律文化水平,惟有如此,人民调解组织才能永葆青春、永葆活力。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of the process of reform and opening up, the economic and social development still faces many social contradictions and challenges, and in fact it has entered a period of social contradictions. The income gap between urban and rural areas, the income gap of the region and the income gap of social stratum continue to widen, the high position of the labor dispute cases increase, and the social security form is constantly happening. In this kind of environment, the number of disputes has increased significantly, and the complexity of the disputes is increasing, and the difficulty of solving the dispute is also increasing. At the same time, people are more eager for high efficiency and low cost for the settlement of disputes. In this case, in this case, the judicial settlement of the dispute mode, which has been dominated by the court trial, has become more and more limited. Therefore, it is an urgent task to expand the way of non litigation or trial to solve the dispute, which is the urgent task in the process of developing the market economy in our country. Therefore, it is possible to study the people's mediation system under such a background. The development and perfection of degree is of great significance no matter in theory or in practice.
The first part of this article is to redefine the people's mediation organization through the legal nature of the mediation committee, the scope of the mediation of the case, the organization of the mediation committee, the jurisdiction of the mediation committee, the result of mediation, the relief of mediation, and the following six aspects: the traditional culture of China, the western culture and the Marx doctrine. The theoretical origin of the harmonious society is combed. At last, the relationship between the development of the people's mediation organization and the harmonious society construction provides the soil for the development of the Harmonious Society for the people's mediation system. The people's mediation system is the inevitable choice for the construction of a harmonious society and the realization of the people's mediation system is beneficial to the social stability. A single analysis.
The second part of the mediation system of the three forms of the expression of the people's mediation, administrative mediation and court mediation carried out a simple discussion, and then summed up the characteristics of the mediation system is voluntary, neutrality and impartiality, the advantages of the low cost of mediation, which can make the parties willing to conciliation the terms of the agreement and to protect the parties themselves The disadvantages are the limitations of the scope of conciliation, the passive type of mediation and the non openness of the mediation process.
The third part mainly focuses on the problems arising from the current people's mediation organization, namely, the dislocation of the autonomy function of the people's mediation committee, the offside of the people's mediation committee and the ambiguity of the legal provisions, and the causes of these problems, that is, the influence of the traditional Confucian culture, the uncontrollability of the litigation and the sanctity of the rule of law. Secondly, the problems arising from the people's mediation organization have lost the premise and the foundation for the construction of harmonious society even the construction of a harmonious society, and the effective guarantee of the loss of harmonious social atmosphere is discussed. In this part, the author thinks that the cause of the problem of the people's mediation organization is especially to be paid attention to. Since ancient times, three Analects of Confucius have become the consensus of the rulers. Therefore, the praise of the Confucian culture is a compulsory course for the rulers. In addition, as professor Fei Xiaotong said, "China is a society of acquaintances", in this acquaintance society, the low head is not seen, which makes the people's mediation organization have its existence and development. Reality.
The fourth part begins with the principle of the rule of law, the principle of rule of law, the principle of unity and diversity and the principle of autonomy, and the second is to weaken the color of the leadership of the Party committee and strengthen the guidance of the grass-roots court to the mediation service, and the people's mediation mechanism should strive to be specialized in four aspects. The author puts forward my own suggestions on the improvement of the people's mediation system by combining the publicity and education with the legal system. In these four suggestions, the author thinks that the third people's mediation mechanism should be more specialized and ensure the people's adjustment from three aspects, such as professional procedures, professional personnel and financial guarantee. The realization of the specialization of the solution mechanism; secondly, we should put the leadership of the desalination Party committee to the people's mediation organization in a more and more important position. The people's mediation organization belongs to the grass-roots self-governing organization, and should enjoy self-management, self-education and self service of the grass-roots self-governing organizations. The Party committee should gradually transform the leadership function into the leadership function. To guide the functions of the people's mediation organization with the necessary autonomy, only in this way can the people's mediation organizations be able to develop their own and healthy development; then it is the business guidance of the grass-roots courts on the people's mediation organizations, and the grass-roots people's courts are limited to the people's mediation organizations only for business guidance, but can organize some obvious illegal actions to the people's mediation organizations. In order to correct them, they can not interfere with the normal operation of the people's mediation organizations; finally, the legal awareness of the masses of the people is raised in combination with the publicity and education of the legal system, especially the legal cultural level of the people's mediators. Only in this way can the people's mediation organization maintain youth and keep its vitality forever.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926

【参考文献】