当代中国司法公信力问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 07:51

本文选题：司法公信力 + 司法独立　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：司法公信力是社会群体对司法活动、司法裁判所表现出来的信心、信任和信赖，根源于社会生活的经验和理性选择。司法公信力是法治社会的重要标志之一，是社会物质文明、精神文明、制度文明的综合体现。司法的公信力的程度越高，司法的职能和作用越能得到很好地实现。我国目前正处于社会转型时期，社会生活的各个领域都发生着重大变革，由于市场经济体制下的社会结构和治理方式尚未形成，个别领域出现了无序混乱的状态。司法作为维护社会秩序，实现社会公正的调整手段被人们寄予厚望。然而在现实生活中，司法成本的高昂、司法效率的低下以及个案审理的不公使得人们对司法充满了失望与不满。可以预见，如果人们对司法的信任消失殆尽，法律丧失了本该有的权威，人们遇到纠纷的时候不再寻求司法的裁决，那么后果将不堪设想。因此，切实提高司法公信力，树立法律的权威，培植公众对法律的信仰是一项紧迫而重要的任务。本文从曾引起公众和媒体广泛关注的李昌奎杀人案入手，分析其引发热烈讨论的原因，并透过现象看到其问题实质，即我国目前司法公信力低下。如何提高司法公信力，重建人们对法律的尊重与信任是本文要着重解决的问题。具体论证方面，主要有以下内容：对司法公信力的构成要素进行逐一分析，指出法律信仰是司法公信力的心理要素，法律能否被信仰，直接决定着法律是否具有强大的生命力，其内在价值是否能转化成对社会有用的精神财富；司法独立是司法公信力的制度要素，司法权、法院、法官只有实现自身的独立，，才能不偏不倚地居中裁判，其做出的裁决才会使公众心悦诚服地接受；司法公正是司法公信力的价值要素，公平、正义一直是人们永恒的追求，是人们信仰法律的内在价值，只有依照事实和法律裁决，最大程度地保障公众的权利，法律才会获得人们自发的信仰；法官素质是司法公信力的主体要素，法官作为法律的实施者，是法律形象化的象征，提升法官的整体素质，保证审判质量，才能获得人们的信服。在当下中国，司法状况形势严峻，主要表现在：法院常常在各种力量的角逐、监督下做出裁判——司法排除力缺失；法院的判决常常得不到公众的认可——判决的公正性受到人们的质疑；司法腐败、权钱交易屡禁不止——司法的自律力还有待提高；法院的判决常常得不到很好地执行——判决的执行力受到严重的挑战。造成以上状况的原因是多方面的，主要有：司法权地方化、司法权行政化严重制约着我国的司法独立，使司法在裁判过程中受到种种制约，不能独立地按照事实、依照法律来裁决；司法监督不力，司法腐败、徇私枉法等现象时有发生，权力的监管与制衡之间存在着漏洞；法官制度的不完善造成法官整体素质不高，法律职业者的素质直接影响着法律实施的效果；公民的权利意识淡漠、法律意识不强、缺少对法律的信仰，使法律缺少强有力的群众基础。可见，司法公信力水平不高已成为严重制约我国经济发展、法治国家建设的瓶颈。为此，本文充分论证的基础上提出了几点可行的建议：努力实现司法的独立，对司法需要的资源进行重新分配，把司法权从对地方的依附中解脱出来，使其可以遵循法律和事实独立审判；进一步完善法律的监督机制，充分发挥人大、检察院、公众和舆论的监督作用，保证审判工作的公开、公正；改革现行的法官制度，提高法官的准入标准，加大对法官的培训力度，保障法官的物质、身份权利，使法官无后顾之忧地全身心投入工作，提升审判效率，进一步发挥法律解决纠纷的作用；摈弃法律工具主义思想，建立良法，在全社会范围内宣传法律，让人们了解法律、尊重法律、信仰法律，最终实现司法公信力的提升。
[Abstract]:Judicial credibility is the social group ' s confidence , trust and trust in judicial activities and judicial decisions , which is rooted in the experience and rational choice of the social life . The judicial credibility is one of the important signs of the society of the rule of law . The higher the credibility of the judiciary , the more the functions and functions of the judiciary can be achieved .

In the period of social transformation , there are great changes in all fields of social life , and the social structure and the way of governance under the market economic system have not been formed yet , and there has been disorder in the individual fields . However , in the real life , the judicial cost is high , the judicial efficiency is low , and the trial of the case is filled with disappointment and dissatisfaction . It is expected that if the trust of the judiciary is lost , the law loses its authority , and the authority of the law is set up , and the public ' s belief in the law is an urgent and important task .

This paper starts with Li Chang ' s homicide case , which has aroused extensive attention from the public and the media , and analyzes the causes of the lively discussion and sees the essence of the problem through the phenomenon , that is , how to improve the judicial credibility and rebuild the respect and trust of the people to the law are the problems to be solved emphatically .
The judicial independence is the system element of judicial credibility , the judicial power , the court and the judge can only realize their own independence in order to center the referee impartially , and the ruling made by it will make the public accept it wholeheartedly ;
Judicial justice is the value element of judicial credibility , justice , justice has always been the eternal pursuit , is the intrinsic value of people ' s belief law , only according to facts and legal decisions , to guarantee the public ' s rights to the maximum extent , the law will get people ' s spontaneous belief ;
The judge ' s quality is the main factor of the judicial credibility , the judge is the implementer of the law , is the symbol of the legal image , promotes the whole quality of the judge , guarantees the quality of the trial , can obtain the people ' s conviction .

In the present China , the situation of the judicial situation is serious , the main manifestation is : the courts often take the role of all kinds of power , the supervision of the decision _ judicial exclusion force is missing ;
The court ' s judgement is often denied public acceptance _ the impartiality of the judgement is questioned by people ;
Judicial corruption , power and money transactions are often prohibited , and the self - discipline of judicial power is still to be improved ;
The court ' s decision is often not carried out well . The enforcement of the judgement is severely challenged . The reasons for the above situation are manifold , mainly : the localization of the judicial power , the administration of judicial power seriously restricts the judicial independence of our country , makes the administration of the judiciary subject to all sorts of restrictions in the decision - making process , cannot independently follow the facts and decide according to the law ;
There is a gap between the supervision of judicial supervision and judicial corruption , the practice of seeking personal gain , etc . , and there is a gap between the supervision and the balance of power .
The imperfection of the judge system causes the judge ' s overall quality not to be high , and the quality of the legal profession directly affects the effect of the implementation of the law ;
Citizen ' s rights consciousness is indifferent , legal consciousness is not strong , lack of faith in law , the law lacks a strong mass foundation .

It can be seen that the level of judicial credibility has become the bottleneck of seriously restricting our country ' s economic development and the construction of the country ' s rule of law .
To further improve the supervision mechanism of the law , give full play to the supervision role of the NPC , the Public Prosecutor ' s Office , the public and the public opinion , and ensure the openness and impartiality of the trial work ;
Reform the existing system of judges , improve the access standards of judges , increase the training of judges , guarantee the material and identity of the judges , make the judges free to worry about the work , improve the efficiency of the trial and further play the role of the law to settle the disputes ;
To discard the thought of legal instrumentalism , establish the good law , promote the law in the whole society , let people know the law , respect the law , faith law , and finally realize the promotion of the judicial credibility .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926

【参考文献】