司法和舆论关系的冲突与协调

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:37

本文选题：司法独立 + 司法公正　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会对司法审判过程关注度的提高，舆论监督对保障司法审判的公开、公正运作和维护弱势群体的正当权益起到了显著的效果，极大的弥补了现有体制内监督的不足；但与此同时，舆论通过将敏感或疑难案件公共事件化，对司法审判权的独立性和权威性受到了极大冲击，有将司法置于“媒体审判”的危险，阻碍社会正义的实现。因此，司法和舆论的关系备受学界的关注，本文试图从冲突和协调两大方面对司法和舆论关系进行分析和探讨。首先从近年备受社会关注的影响性诉讼案件的分析开始，通过分析个案表层的法院、诉讼当事人、媒体之间的互动关系和隐藏在其背后的权力和民意之间的深层博弈，将司法和舆论二者之间的冲突关系细致、生动的展示出来。文章进一步从司法独立和媒体审判、公正审判和言论自由、法律职业理性和大众理性、法律正义与道德正义四个方面分析司法与舆论关系中理论冲突的焦点，反思二者关系的四组矛盾焦点背后的深层理论冲突。首先，司法独立是司法公正的基础和保障，舆论监督司法应当适度，而媒体审判是舆论利用“话语霸权”对司法公正审判的干涉，过度的舆论监督会侵害司法独立和司法公正，需要警惕；第二，公正审判是当事人的基本人权，言论自由也是我国宪法明确保护的基本权利，二者在价值追求上是一致的，但在价值实现的过程中体现了诸多矛盾，需要制度保障两种价值的统一；第三，在舆论争议案件的司法审判过程中，司法和舆论的冲突反映了司法审判者和民众之间法律职业理性和大众理性的分歧，值得理论界重视。第四，同样在司法和舆论关系中，也隐含着法律职业者追求的法律正义和民众的道德正义之间的隔阂，只有尊重道德正义的基础性价值，法律正义才能更充分的实现。最后试图从司法审判部门、新闻媒体、国家权力机关三个视角探寻调和司法与舆论关系矛盾的解决路径。从司法审判机关的角度看，第一，应该完善法院与媒体的沟通机制；其次，要增强裁判文书的论证说理。第三，不仅需要完善立法，更需要扩大司法机能。第四，完善司法独立机制。从新闻媒体的视角来看，首先，媒体舆论应该清晰角色定位；其次，，舆论监督应遵守法律底线；第三，媒体报道应保证职业道德底线。第四，新闻报道应遵循基本的舆论监督规则。从权力机关的视角看，对司法运作过程的监督机制不应局限在舆论监督，应该重视、完善现有人大监督制度，将权力和民意统一在法律制度内，对司法运作进行有效的监督。我国现阶段舆论监督司法的过程中的司法和舆论关系矛盾体现为多主体、多层次的互动关系，从理论层面看主要可以细化为司法独立和媒体审判、公正审判和言论自由、法律职业理性和大众理性、法律正义和道德正义四个方面的矛盾关系。只有通过法院、媒体和国家权力部门三方面主体尊重法治原则的共同努力才能实现司法和舆论关系的协调发展。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the society ' s attention to the judicial process , the supervision of public opinion plays a significant role in guaranteeing the open , fair operation and safeguarding of the legitimate rights and interests of the vulnerable groups .
But at the same time , public opinion has been greatly impacted by the public incidents of sensitive or difficult cases , the independence and authority of the judicial power have been greatly impacted , and the realization of judicial and public opinion has been hindered . Therefore , the relationship between justice and public opinion has been closely watched by the academic circle , and this paper tries to analyze and discuss the relationship between the judicial and public opinion from the two aspects of conflict and coordination .

Firstly , the conflict between the judicial and public opinion is detailed and vividly demonstrated through the analysis of the relationship between the court , the parties and the media and the deep game between the power and the public opinion behind it .

The article further analyzes the focus of the theoretical conflict in the relations of judicial and public opinion from four aspects of judicial independence and media trial , fair trial and freedom of expression , legal profession reason and public reason , law justice and moral justice . First of all , judicial independence is the foundation and guarantee of judicial justice .
Second , fair trial is the basic human rights of the parties , the freedom of expression is also the basic right of the explicit protection of the constitution of our country , both in the pursuit of value , but in the process of value realization embodies many contradictions , needs the system to safeguard the unification of the two values ;
Thirdly , in the process of judicial trial in the case of public opinion dispute , the conflicts between the judicial and public opinion reflect the differences between the legal profession rationality and the public reason between the judicial judge and the public , and it is worth the attention of the theoretical circle . Fourth , also in the relations of judicial and public opinion , there is also the gap between the legal justice pursued by the legal profession and the moral justice of the people , and only the basic value of the moral justice is respected , and the legal justice can be realized more fully .

In the end , the author tries to explore the solution route of the contradiction between the harmonious administration of justice and public opinion from three perspectives : the judicial trial department , the news media and the state power organ . From the point of view of the judicial branch , firstly , the communication mechanism between the court and the media should be improved ;
Secondly , to strengthen the reasoning of the referee ' s instrument . Third , not only need to perfect the legislation , but also need to expand the judicial function . Fourth , perfect the judicial independence mechanism . From the perspective of the news media , first , the media opinion should be clearly positioned ;
Secondly , the supervision of public opinion should abide by the bottom line of the law ;
Third , media reports should guarantee the bottom line of professional ethics . Fourth , news reports should follow basic supervision rules . From the perspective of power authorities , the supervision mechanism should not be limited to the supervision of public opinion .

At present , the contradictions between the judicial and public opinion in the process of supervision and administration of public opinion in our country are manifested as multi - subject , multi - level interactive relationship , which can be refined into four contradictory relations between judicial independence and media trial , fair trial and freedom of speech , legal profession reason and public reason , legal justice and moral justice from the theoretical level . Only through the joint efforts of the courts , the media and the national power sector , the coordination and development of the relations of justice and public opinion can be achieved .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926;G206

【参考文献】