民事诉讼法中的司法地方化现象及其消解

发布时间：2018-07-23 12:54

【摘要】：司法是人民实现权利救济的最终渠道,也是最为有效的方法。人们日常生活都离不开民事活动,但假若出现纠纷时不能得以应得的公平正义,任由不为程序所明确的隐性因素扼杀个人的权利实现时,隐忧便成为大问题。这主要是指法院工作人员在民事诉讼过程中易受到地方党政部门和利益团体的不当干预和影响,或为了保护当地人或本地部门的利益而违背正当民事法律程序,最终影响司法公正的现象,即民事诉讼中的司法地方化。本文旨在对长期隐存于中国民事诉讼中的地方化现象予以界定,并对引致其产生的因素进行多方面剖析,明确此现象对人民权利和司法本身带来的严重危害性,并试图提出对策使民事诉讼中这种现象得以消解。由于本文论题建立在中国这个大背景下,所以论文写作所搜集的素材主要为国内学者的一些零散研究,或针对现实中的问题就事论事的部分评论,然而至今尚无较为系统深入的论著。在民事诉讼实务中,司法地方化现象的存在较为普遍,已成为司法改革的重要内容,最高人民法院也不断出台新的文件试图消解这种地方化现象,以确保司法公正和提升司法公信力。所以民事诉讼中司法地方化现象及其消解这一论题在学术和实务中都有着研究价值。全文除引言外,正文由四大部分组成,共计34,000余字。论文第一部分对民事诉讼中的司法地方化现象进行界定,并进一步从立法、审判、调解、执行等方面阐述该现象的表现形式。论文第二部分分别从司法文化、社会学、制度因素等角度来分析民事司法地方化现象存在的原因,其中司法文化主要指法律工具主义和宗法主义的影响,社会学因素指从社会结构和保障司法有效运行的基础秩序方面进行分析,制度因素则强调司法作为一项制度易受到经济和政治等环境的影响,同时制度内存在的官员激励方式等对司法地方化的形成也有重要作用。论文第三部分论述民事诉讼中的司法地方化的影响,包括违背和分裂司法统一、影响司法独立行使职权、带来司法腐败、降低司法公信力、破坏社会主义市场经济秩序等多方面危害, 论文第四部分试图通过促进司法文化的现代化转变、完善中国司法制度有效运行的基础秩序、保障司法独立行使职权、改革和完善司法体制等方面消解民事诉讼中的司法地方化现象,最终达致司法公正。本文采用提出问题-分析问题-解决问题的写作方法,同时辅以社会学、制度学等其他学科知识对民事诉讼中的司法地方化现象进行分析论证。论文创新之处也主要体现在这些内容之中。
[Abstract]:Judicature is the ultimate channel and the most effective way for the people to realize the right relief. People's daily life is inseparable from civil activities, but if there is a dispute can not be due to the fairness and justice, let the hidden factors not clear by the procedure to kill the realization of individual rights, hidden worry will become a major problem. This mainly refers to the fact that court staff are vulnerable to undue interference and influence from local party and government departments and interest groups in the course of civil proceedings, or violate due civil legal procedures in order to protect the interests of local people or local authorities. Finally, it affects the phenomenon of judicial justice, that is, judicial localization in civil proceedings. The purpose of this paper is to define the localization phenomenon which has been hidden in civil litigation in China for a long time, and to analyze the factors leading to it in many ways, and to make clear the serious harm this phenomenon brings to the people's rights and to the administration of justice itself. And try to put forward countermeasures to eliminate this phenomenon in civil proceedings. Since this thesis is based on the background of China, the material collected in this paper is mainly some scattered research by domestic scholars, or some comments on practical problems. However, so far there is no more systematic and in-depth works. In the practice of civil litigation, the phenomenon of judicial localization is common and has become an important part of judicial reform. The Supreme people's Court has also issued new documents to try to resolve this phenomenon. To ensure justice and enhance judicial credibility. Therefore, the topic of judicial localization and its resolution in civil litigation is of great value in both academic and practical fields. In addition to the introduction, the text consists of four parts, a total of more than 34000 words. The first part of the paper defines the phenomenon of judicial localization in civil litigation, and further expounds the manifestation of this phenomenon from the aspects of legislation, trial, mediation and execution. The second part of the thesis analyzes the causes of civil justice localization from the aspects of judicial culture, sociology, institution and so on, in which judicial culture mainly refers to the influence of legal instrumentalism and patriarchal doctrine. Sociological factors refer to the analysis of the social structure and the basic order of ensuring the effective operation of justice, while institutional factors emphasize that justice as a system is vulnerable to the influence of the economic and political environment. At the same time, the way of encouraging officials in the system also plays an important role in the formation of judicial localization. The third part discusses the influence of judicial localization in civil action, including violating and splitting judicial unity, influencing judicial independence, bringing judicial corruption and reducing judicial credibility. The fourth part of the thesis tries to improve the basic order of the effective operation of China's judicial system by promoting the modernization of judicial culture, and to ensure the independent exercise of functions and powers of the judiciary. Reform and perfect the judicial system to eliminate the phenomenon of judicial localization in civil litigation, and finally achieve judicial justice. In this paper, the author adopts the writing method of posing question, analyzing problem and solving problem, and at the same time, with the knowledge of sociology, institution and other disciplines, analyzes and proves the phenomenon of judicial localization in civil action. The innovation of the thesis is also reflected in these contents.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.1;D926

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