论我国环保司法审判机关的构建

发布时间：2018-08-31 13:19

【摘要】：随着环境问题的日益严重,环境纠纷逐年增多,同时由于我国环境行政职能部门在行使职权上存在职能不清、推诿责任等问题,一些地区为适应社会发展的需要,建立环保审判庭、环保法庭等环保司法审判机关,我国公民也开始尝试通过司法途径解决环境问题。由环保司法审判机关通过司法途径解决环境纠纷,对于进一步遏制环境问题的高发态势,最大限度维护人民群众的环境权益,有效弥补行政职能部门与传统审判机关解决环境纠纷案件的局限性有着重大意义。通过环保司法审判机关处理环境纠纷,还能够体现司法机关保护环境的主动性,大力推动环境司法审判制度的改革。本文通过比较澳大利亚新南威尔士州土地和环境法院、瑞典地区环境法庭、美国佛蒙特州环境法院、新西兰环境法院的建立背景、法院级别、人员构成和受案范围四个方面的具体设置情况,借鉴他们适合我国国情的、先进的经验,来构建具有我国特色的环保司法审判机关。我国目前存在四种类型的环保司法审判机关,分别是：环保审判庭、环保法庭、环保合议庭、环保巡回法庭,通过对这四种类型的审判机关的研究,比较它们在机构性质、建立依据、人员组成和受案范围四个方面的不同,查找了当前这四类环保司法审判机关存在的问题,如建立依据不足、受案范围狭窄、原告诉讼资格受限、诉讼成本高、耗时长、审判程序单一、审判人员专业性不强、判决执行困难等。并针对这一系列问题,提出关于我国环保司法审判机关的设置建议。例如确定环保司法审判机关的性质、价值取向,建立健全环保司法审判机关组织法、配套完善环境与资源保护法律法规,建立层级与管辖完备的机关,组建专业的审判队伍,扩大受案范围、原告诉讼资格,规定诉讼费用,设置特殊程序防止滥诉、合理分配举证责任,贯彻执行审判结果等。以求规范完善我国环保司法审判机关的构建,更大限度适应环境保护的需要,提高审理环境纠纷案件的效率,维护广大人民群众的利益,同时,强化国家的环保性职能和为全国各地区建设“生态文明城市”提供良好的司法环境。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious environmental problems, environmental disputes are increasing year by year. At the same time, due to the unclear functions and responsibilities of environmental administrative departments in our country, some areas adapt to the needs of social development. The establishment of environmental courts, environmental courts and other environmental judicial organs, Chinese citizens also began to try to solve environmental problems through judicial channels. If the judicial organs of environmental protection resolve environmental disputes through judicial channels, it will further curb the high incidence of environmental problems and maximize the protection of the environmental rights and interests of the people. It is of great significance to make up for the limitation of administrative departments and traditional judicial organs in resolving environmental disputes. Through the environmental protection judicial organs to deal with environmental disputes, it can also reflect the initiative of the judicial organs to protect the environment, and vigorously promote the reform of the environmental justice system. This paper compares the background of the establishment of the New South Wales Land and Environment Court, the Swedish Regional Environmental Court, the Vermont Environmental Court of the United States and the New Zealand Environmental Court. In order to construct the environmental protection judicial organ with the characteristics of our country, the personnel composition and the scope of the case are set up in four aspects, and the advanced experience that suits the situation of our country is used for reference to construct the environmental protection judicial organ with the characteristics of our country. At present, there are four types of environmental protection judicial organs in our country. They are: the Environmental Protection Tribunal, the Environmental Protection Court, the Environmental Protection collegial Court, and the Environmental Protection Circuit Court. Through the study of these four types of judicial organs, the nature of these four types of judicial organs is compared. According to the differences in the establishment basis, the composition of the personnel and the scope of the cases, the problems existing in the four kinds of environmental protection judicial organs at present have been found. For example, the establishment basis is insufficient, the scope of the case is narrow, the plaintiff's lawsuit qualification is limited, and the litigation cost is high. It takes a long time, the trial procedure is single, the judges are not professional, the execution of judgment is difficult, etc. Aiming at this series of problems, the author puts forward some suggestions on setting up the judicial organs of environmental protection in our country. For example, to determine the nature and value orientation of the environmental protection judicial organs, to establish and improve the organic law of the environmental protection judicial organs, to complement and perfect the laws and regulations on the protection of the environment and resources, to establish the organs with complete levels and jurisdiction, and to set up specialized judicial teams. To expand the scope of cases, the plaintiff's qualification for litigation, the stipulation of litigation expenses, the establishment of special procedures to prevent overappeal, the reasonable distribution of the burden of proof, and the implementation of the trial results, etc. In order to standardize and perfect the construction of judicial organs for environmental protection in our country, to meet the needs of environmental protection to a greater extent, to improve the efficiency of handling environmental disputes, to safeguard the interests of the broad masses of the people, and at the same time, Strengthen the country's environmental protection function and provide a good judicial environment for the construction of "ecological civilization city" in various regions of the country.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926

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