论刑事和解制度在检察环节的适用

发布时间：2018-09-09 12:41

【摘要】：纠纷始终伴随着人类社会的发展而存在,人类社会的发展史从某种程度上意味着纠纷解决方式的演进史。如果一个纠纷根本得不到解决,那么社会机体上就可能产生溃烂的伤口,如果此纠纷是以不适当的和不公正的方式解决的,那么社会机体上就会留下一个创伤,而且这种创伤的增多,又有可能严重危及人们对令人满意的社会秩序的维护。刑事和解制度作为一种理性的带有私力救济色彩又有公力救济性质的纠纷解决机制,自20世纪70年代在美、英等国司法实践中适用以来,以其强大的生命力深受法学各界的青睐,其有效性正逐渐引起各界关注,目前已被许多国家和地区所接受。近年来,刑事和解制度也引起了我国法学界的热烈探讨,学者们对国外刑事和解理论、我国刑事和解制度设计、刑事和解在我国的应用价值等诸多方面进行研究,司法界在实践中也对刑事和解制度的应用进行了积极的探索。但由于我国目前对刑事和解制度没有统一的立法,刑事和解工作机制还不够健全,刑事和解制度无论在理论还是在司法实践中均处于探索中。在构建和谐社会的需求下,在宽严相济刑事政策的指导下,立足本土资源,构建符合我国国情的刑事和解制度是必要的,也是可行的。对于我国司法实践中大量的轻微刑事案件,在当事人的一致要求或同意下转由和解机构主持和解,不仅可以充分保护被害人的利益,而且可以提高刑事诉讼效率,节约司法资源,取得当事人与国家的“双赢”。当前,我国正处于全面建设法治国家的时期,成功构建适合我国司法实践的刑事和解制度,取决于理论界和实务界的共同努力。在理论上,需要诉讼法学、刑法学、犯罪学、监狱学以及社会学领域学者的沟通与合作;在实践上,需要调动犯罪人、被害人、公检法机关、律师以及社区群体的共同参与;从立法上,需要将刑事和解作为刑事诉讼的基本原则并予以明确规定,在侦查阶段、审查起诉阶段以及审判阶段都应将刑事和解制度化。本片文章中,笔者首先围绕检察环节适用刑事和解制度必要性进行论述,从有利于切实保护当事人的合法权益,节约司法成本,提高司法效率,有利于执法办案法律效果和社会效果的统一,改善轻微刑事罪犯监禁效果不佳的局面四个方面,对刑事和解制度的价值予以评析。在文章的第二部分,笔者从政治基础、法律依据、政策指引、实践基础四个角度对刑事和解制度在我国适用的可行性进行分析,力求为刑事和解制度找到其发展的温床和基础。由于刑事和解制度在我国属于尝试和发展阶段,所以会面临诸多问题,为此笔者在第三部分通过引用案例等,分析了刑事和解制度在检察环节运用所存在的问题和困难。在困难方面主要总结为,双方当事人面对面的商谈难以实现,加害人的经济基础直接影响着刑事和解的达成,被害人“漫天要价”,致使和解无法达成,适用刑事和解的案件数量不多。除上述困难外,笔者还对刑事和解的适用范围不统一,对案件处理的方式多样化,适用刑事和解处理案件的程序不规范,监督制约机制不完善等方面一一进行了分析。在最后一部分,笔者在总结上述困难和问题的基础上,提出了自己的建议和看法,具体包括树立现代刑事司法理念,强化检察职能,确立检察环节适用刑事和解的基本原则,完善检察环节适用刑事和解的规范制度三个方面。在这三个方面中,笔者认为应切实结合检察工作实际,来对刑事和解问题进行认真思考,将该理论与检察实践相结合,找出问题的根源,并最终找到解决问题的办法。中央政法委书记周永康在全国政法工作电视电话会议上提出深入推进社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法三项重点工作,最高人民检察院也印发《关于深入推进社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法的实施意见》。作为一名从事刑检工作的检察工作者,本人希望通过对检察环节适用刑事和解制度从理论及实践层面进行探索,发现其中所存在的困难和问题,寻求解决问题的办法,为检察机关参与社会矛盾化解,维护社会和谐贡献微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Disputes have always been accompanied by the development of human society, and the history of human society to some extent means the evolution of dispute resolution. If a dispute can not be resolved at all, then the social organism may have ulcerated wounds, if the dispute is solved in an inappropriate and unfair way, then the community. It will leave a wound on the body, and this increase in trauma may seriously endanger the maintenance of a satisfactory social order.
Criminal reconciliation system, as a rational dispute settlement mechanism with the color of private remedy and the nature of public remedy, has been favored by all circles of law with its strong vitality since it was applied in the judicial practice of the United States and Britain in the 1970s. Its effectiveness is gradually attracting attention from all circles of law, and has now been concerned by many countries and regions. In recent years, the criminal reconciliation system has also aroused heated discussion in China's jurisprudence. Scholars have studied many aspects of foreign criminal reconciliation theory, the design of China's criminal reconciliation system, the application value of criminal reconciliation in China and so on. At present, there is no unified legislation on the criminal reconciliation system in China, the working mechanism of the criminal reconciliation is not perfect enough, and the criminal reconciliation system is in exploration both in theory and in judicial practice. The system of reconciliation in matters is necessary and feasible. For a large number of minor criminal cases in China's judicial practice, it can not only fully protect the interests of the victim, but also improve the efficiency of criminal proceedings, save judicial resources, and obtain the parties and the state " At present, China is in the period of building a country under the rule of law in an all-round way. Successful construction of a criminal reconciliation system suitable for China's judicial practice depends on the joint efforts of the theoretical and practical circles. Criminal reconciliation should be regarded as the basic principle of criminal procedure and should be clearly stipulated in legislation. Criminal reconciliation should be institutionalized in the investigation stage, the prosecution stage and the trial stage.
In this article, the author first discusses the necessity of applying the criminal reconciliation system in the procuratorial process, from four aspects: helping to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, saving judicial costs, improving judicial efficiency, conducive to the unification of the legal and social effects of law enforcement and handling cases, and improving the situation of the imprisonment of minor criminal offenders. In the second part of the article, the author analyzes the feasibility of the application of the criminal reconciliation system in China from four aspects: political basis, legal basis, policy guidance and practical basis, in order to find the hotbed and foundation for the development of the criminal reconciliation system. In the third part, the author analyzes the problems and difficulties in the application of the criminal reconciliation system in the procuratorial process by citing cases and so on. In addition to the above difficulties, the author has not unified the scope of application of criminal reconciliation, diversified ways of handling cases, non-standard procedures for handling criminal reconciliation cases, and imperfect supervision and restriction mechanism. In the last part, on the basis of summing up the above difficulties and problems, the author puts forward his own suggestions and opinions, which include establishing modern criminal justice concept, strengthening procuratorial functions, establishing the basic principles of criminal reconciliation in procuratorial links, and perfecting the normative system of criminal reconciliation in procuratorial links. In these three aspects, the author thinks that we should earnestly consider the criminal reconciliation problem, combine the theory with the procuratorial practice, find out the root of the problem, and finally find a solution to the problem.
Zhou Yongkang, Secretary of the CPPCC Central Committee of Political Affairs and Law, put forward three key tasks in the teleconference on the national political and law work, namely, promoting the resolution of social contradictions, innovating social management and enforcing the law impartially and honestly. The Supreme People's Procuratorate also issued the Opinions on Promoting the resolution of social contradictions, innovating social management and enforcing the law impartially and honestly. Procuratorial workers engaged in criminal prosecution work, I hope that through the application of criminal reconciliation system in procuratorial links from the theoretical and practical levels to explore, find out the difficulties and problems, seek solutions to the problem, for the procuratorial organs to participate in the resolution of social contradictions, maintain social harmony to contribute slightly.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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