我国监狱服刑人员权利研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 09:18

【摘要】：人权是人类社会文明发展的重要成果。现代各国都已经通过立法的形式一致的将人权确定为社会发展的最高目标。人不是为了生活需要人权，，而是为了有尊严的生活而需要人权，人权是人区别于动物以及一切野蛮人的文明标记。而服刑人员，一个特殊的群体，他们对社会的危害以及社会对他们复杂的情感使得他们几乎成为社会弱势群体中的弱势群体。如何对待他们，给予他们何种待遇并成为检验人权发展水平以及文明发展进程的标尺。经过各国的努力，服刑人员的权利保障无论是在理论研究上，还是实践发展中，都取得了显著的成果，《联合国囚犯待遇最低限度标准公约》已成为各国服刑人员权利保障改革的重要依据。在我国，几千年的“义务本位”思想和政治、经济体制模式，严重的阻碍了人权的发展，而对于服刑人员的人权保障阻力更大。当前，针对国内开始关注服刑人员人权保障的发展趋势，一些民众明确的提出了《联合国囚犯待遇最低限度标准公约》标准过高，关于服刑人员权利的保障是“过度维权”，不太符合中国的国情。而已有的关于我国服刑人员的权利保障问题的探讨，实践中的改革与探索做法不一，理论研究上也是仁者见仁，智者见智。抛开社会各界关于服刑人员权利保障研究的各种分歧与争议，本文在研究了人类社会文明发展的趋势以及人权的发展规律以后，得出一个结论，即任何一个国家、政府、公民都无法否认一个事实：所有的发展、变革、措施，都应服务于人有尊严，对于服刑人员也不例外。然后，在充分考虑中国的现实情况的基础上，进行了关于中国服刑人员权利体系的构建研究。为使研究更加全面，最后，针对死刑犯、老弱病残、少数民族、外籍人员，未成年人等特殊服刑人员的特殊情况，提出了特别服刑人员的权利体系构建。通过上述努力，本文试图为监狱以及相关执法部门、服刑人员提供一个《服刑人员权利手册》。这是一个很有意义和价值的工作，基于作者能力和知识的有限，这一手册可能不够完整和合理，如若有更多的人能深入的进行《服刑人员权利手册》的研究，那么，我国服刑人员权利保障执法中的诸多问题都能迎刃而解，因而，这也将是整个人权事业发展的一个突破性的成果。
[Abstract]:Human rights are the important achievement of the civilization development of human society. Modern countries have adopted legislation to establish human rights as the highest goal of social development. Human beings need human rights not for living, but for living with dignity. Human rights are the mark of civilization that distinguishes man from animals and all barbarians. And the prisoners, a special group, their harm to the society and the complex emotion of the society make them almost become the vulnerable group in the social vulnerable group. How to treat them, how to treat them and become the yardstick of human rights development and civilization development. Through the efforts of various countries, the protection of the rights of prisoners, whether in theoretical research or practical development, The United Nations Convention on minimum Standards for the treatment of prisoners has become an important basis for the reform of the rights of prisoners in various countries. In China, thousands of years of "obligation based" ideology and political, economic system model, seriously hindered the development of human rights, and for prisoners of human rights protection resistance is greater. At present, in view of the trend of domestic concern about the human rights protection of prisoners, some people have clearly proposed that the standard of the United Nations Convention on the minimum Standards for the treatment of prisoners is too high, and that the guarantee of the rights of prisoners is "excessive protection of human rights". It's not quite in line with China's national conditions. On the other hand, the existing discussion on the protection of the rights of the prisoners in our country is different from the practice of reform and exploration, and the theoretical research is also different from each other. Regardless of the differences and controversies in the research on the protection of the rights of prisoners from all walks of life, this paper, after studying the trend of the development of human society's civilization and the law of the development of human rights, draws a conclusion, that is, any country, government, Citizens cannot deny the fact that all development, change, and measures should serve human dignity, including prisoners. Then, on the basis of fully considering the reality of China, this paper studies the construction of Chinese prisoners' rights system. In order to make the research more comprehensive, finally, aiming at the special situation of the prisoners on death penalty, the old, the sick and the disabled, the minority nationalities, foreign nationals, minors and so on, this paper puts forward the construction of the rights system of the special prisoners. Through the above efforts, this paper attempts to provide a handbook on the rights of prisoners for the prison and other relevant law enforcement agencies. This is a meaningful and valuable work, based on the limited capacity and knowledge of the author, the manual may not be complete and reasonable, if more people can carry out in-depth study of the Manual on the Rights of prisoners, then, Many problems in the enforcement of the rights of prisoners can be easily solved, therefore, this will also be a breakthrough in the development of the whole human rights cause.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.7

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