试论政府法律援助责任之完善

发布时间：2018-11-28 15:33

【摘要】：法律援助以社会弱势群体为主要服务对象，是政府进行社会治理和公共管理的重要职能之一，它与司法人权保障和国家的民主法治建设密切相关，是法律文明与社会进步的体现。我国法律援助事业起步于上世纪90年代初期，经过将近二十年的发展，取得了较为显著的成效，但是随着经济社会的快速发展，法律援助的现有资源和体制已不能充分满足社会需求，进一步明确和完善政府的法律援助责任，提高政府法律援助服务能力已刻不容缓。笔者试图通过探析法律援助的定义、特征和政府承担法律援助责任的主要依据，阐明政府是法律援助的责任主体，落实政府责任是法律援助制度健康、理性、有序发展的内在动力，并通过研究和比较国外政府实施法律援助的具体做法，结合对我国法律援助制度实施现状的分析，提出符合我国国情、完善政府法律援助责任的相关对策，以期引起各级政府重视和社会各界对法律援助工作的关心支持。本文主要内容有五部分：第一部分，绪论。介绍选题缘由及研究的意义、研究现状、研究思路和研究方法。第二部分，政府的法律援助责任概述。对政府承担法律援助责任的公共管理学、法律和现实依据进行研究，明确法律援助属于公共服务，应由政府负责提供。政府提供法律援助是社会管理和公共服务职能的统一，是履行宪法与国际法义务，保障公民基本权利，构建和谐社会的需要。第三部分，，我国政府实施法律援助的现状及问题。简要介绍我国法律援助政府责任的确立及发展过程，对我国法律援助的现状进行考察分析，评析成效，指出存在的主要问题。第四部分，国外政府实施法律援助的模式和启示。通过讨论国外政府在法律援助制度保障、机构队伍、经费、案件质量监管等方面的主要做法，从中获得相关启示。第五部分，完善我国政府法援责任体系的对策。借鉴国外经验，针对我国政府承担法律援助责任中存在的问题，提出解决对策：建立健全法律援助制度，明确法律援助机构性质及功能定位，建立与经济社会发展同步的法援经费保障机制，大力加强法律援助工作队伍建设，不断扩大法律援助对象范围，全面提高法律援助办案质量。
[Abstract]:Legal aid is one of the important functions of the government in carrying out social governance and public administration. It is closely related to the protection of judicial human rights and the construction of democracy and rule of law in the country. It is the embodiment of legal civilization and social progress. The cause of legal aid in our country started in the early 1990s. After nearly 20 years of development, it has achieved remarkable results, but with the rapid development of economy and society, The existing resources and system of legal aid can not fully meet the needs of the society. It is urgent to further clarify and perfect the legal aid responsibility of the government and to improve the legal aid service capacity of the government. The author tries to clarify that the government is the subject of legal aid and that the implementation of government responsibility is the healthy and rational legal aid system through the analysis of the definition, characteristics and the main basis for the government to bear the responsibility of legal aid. The internal motive force of orderly development, and by studying and comparing the concrete practices of foreign governments to implement legal aid, and combining with the analysis of the current situation of the implementation of legal aid system in our country, it is put forward that it is in line with the national conditions of our country. To perfect the relevant countermeasures of the legal aid responsibility of the government, so as to arouse the attention of the governments at all levels and the care and support of all walks of life for the work of legal aid. The main content of this paper has five parts: the first part, introduction. Introduce the reason and significance of the research, research status, research ideas and research methods. The second part is an overview of the legal aid responsibility of the government. This paper studies the basis of public administration, law and reality for the government to bear the responsibility of legal aid. It is clear that the legal aid belongs to the public service and should be provided by the government. The legal aid provided by the government is the unity of the social management and the public service function. It is the need to fulfill the obligations of constitution and international law, to protect the basic rights of citizens and to build a harmonious society. The third part, our country government implements the legal aid present situation and the question. This paper briefly introduces the establishment and development process of the government responsibility of legal aid in China, investigates and analyzes the present situation of legal aid in China, evaluates the results and points out the main problems. The fourth part, the foreign government implements the legal aid pattern and the enlightenment. Through discussing the main practices of foreign governments in the aspects of legal aid system guarantee, organization team, fund, case quality supervision and so on, the relevant enlightenment is obtained. The fifth part, consummates our country government legal aid responsibility system countermeasure. Based on the experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problems existing in the legal aid responsibility of our government: to establish and perfect the legal aid system, to define the nature and function of the legal aid institution. We should establish a legal aid fund guarantee mechanism in keeping with the economic and social development, vigorously strengthen the construction of the legal aid work force, expand the scope of legal aid objects, and improve the quality of legal aid handling cases in an all-round way.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.5

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