论公证赔偿制度
发布时间：2018-12-19 20:25
【摘要】：公证赔偿制度是公证制度的重要组成部分之一,对于维护公证事项当事人及利害关系人的权益、规范公证行为、提高公证的公信力发挥着不可替代的作用。我国2006年起施行的《公证法》首次从法律的效力层级上确立了公证赔偿制度,公证机构及公证员在执业过程中因过错造成当事人及利害关系人利益损害的,应当予以赔偿。但是目前,现有的法律规范条文仅对这一制度做出了原则性的框架规定,本文力求通过相关问题的研究与思考,以期能够厘清公证机构在公证赔偿中所应承担的责任,为权利人最终利益的实现建立必要的途径和保障机制,进而对我国的公证赔偿制度加以明确与完善。 本文除前言与结语外,分为四章: 第一章的内容是公证赔偿制度概述。认为所谓公证赔偿制度,即公证机构及公证员在办理公证事务的过程中,对于因自己的过错而导致当事人及利害关系人遭受的损失应当承担补偿责任的制度;公证赔偿属于民事赔偿,应定位于侵权责任及专家责任;具有主体确定、内容复杂、目的是补偿权利人损害的特点;能够实现预防纠纷、补偿损失及稳定社会秩序的功能;权力制约与权利救济是设置该制度的理论基础。 第二章的内容是各个国家及地区公证赔偿制度的比较考察。在大陆法系及英美法系公证制度的分类下,选取了已经具有比较系统和成熟的理论及法律规定的法国、德国、英国、美国及我国台湾地区为代表。认为在公证赔偿制度的建设上,我国应基于自身的社会经济文化土壤及公证体制考虑,寻求更为契合的借鉴道路;以过错责任为原则、区分故意与过失,建立公证赔偿保障制度。这也是各个国家及地区的共同选择。 第三章的内容是我国公证赔偿制度存在的问题。首先介绍了我国公证赔偿制度的发展历程及现行相关规定;随后从公证赔偿责任认定、救济途径及保障机制三个角度分析了目前所存在的问题,指出目前我国公证赔偿责任的构成要件与分担规定并不明确;公证行业内部赔偿纠纷的解决机制并未完全建立;涉诉过程中的法律规定也尚不完善;公证赔偿保障机制仍存在缺漏等。 第四章的内容是完善我国公证赔偿制度的建议。首先从过错认定标准、过错形式区分、因果关系理解及赔偿范围四个方面对公证赔偿责任的认定加以明确;从公证机构内部及外部两个角度确定责任的分担。其次,提出应当发挥公证行业的自律性,建立行业内部针对公证赔偿的裁决程序,并与诉讼有效衔接。再次,公证赔偿纠纷涉诉时,对公证机构的诉讼地位及抗辩事由、举证责任分配、涉诉公证文书效力四个问题进行分析。最后,提出通过细化公证赔偿基金收取标准、加强基金管理、明确公证执业责任保险赔付范围及建立个人身份保证金制度等方式完善我国公证赔偿保障机制。
[Abstract]:The system of notarization compensation is one of the important components of the notarization system, which plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding the rights and interests of the parties involved in notarization matters, standardizing notarization, and improving the credibility of notarization. The notarization Law, which has been in force since 2006, has established the system of notarization compensation from the level of effectiveness of the law for the first time. If the notaries and notaries have caused damage to the interests of the parties and interested parties due to their fault in the course of their practice, they should be compensated. However, at present, the existing legal and normative provisions only make a principled framework for this system. This paper tries to clarify the liability of notaries in the process of notarization compensation through the research and reflection of relevant issues. To establish the necessary ways and safeguard mechanism for the realization of the ultimate interests of the obligee, and then to clarify and perfect the notarization compensation system of our country. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is an overview of notarization compensation system. The so-called system of notarization compensation is the system in which notaries and notaries, in the process of dealing with notarization affairs, should bear the compensation responsibility for the losses suffered by the parties and interested parties due to their own fault. Notarization compensation belongs to civil compensation and should be located in tort liability and expert liability; it has the characteristics of subject determination, complex content, and the purpose is to compensate the obligee for damages, and can realize the functions of preventing disputes, compensating losses and stabilizing social order. Power restriction and right relief are the theoretical basis for setting up the system. The second chapter is the comparative investigation of notarization compensation system in various countries and regions. Under the classification of the civil law system and the common law system, the representative is France, Germany, Britain, the United States and Taiwan, which already have more systematic and mature theory and legal provisions. In the construction of notarization compensation system, our country should base on its own social, economic and cultural soil and notarization system to seek a more suitable way for reference; Based on the principle of fault liability, the system of notarization compensation is established. This is also a common choice for all countries and regions. The content of the third chapter is the problems existing in the notarization compensation system of our country. First of all, it introduces the development of the notarization compensation system in China and the current relevant provisions. Then it analyzes the existing problems from the three angles of notarization liability identification, relief approach and safeguard mechanism, and points out that the constitutive elements and sharing provisions of notarization liability in China are not clear at present. The settlement mechanism of internal compensation disputes in notarization industry has not been completely established; the legal provisions in the process of litigation are not perfect; and there are still gaps in the protection mechanism of notarization compensation. The content of the fourth chapter is to perfect our country notarization compensation system suggestion. First of all, from the fault identification standards, fault form distinction, causality understanding and compensation scope of four aspects of notarization liability to be clear; from the internal and external notary organs to determine the share of liability. Secondly, we should give full play to the self-discipline of notarization industry, establish the adjudication procedure for notarization compensation within the industry, and link up with litigation effectively. Third, the notarization dispute involves litigation, the notarization of the status of litigation and defense, burden of proof distribution, related to the effectiveness of notarization of four issues. Finally, the paper puts forward to perfect the system of notarization compensation by refining the standard of collecting notarized compensation fund, strengthening the fund management, clarifying the scope of notarization liability insurance payment and establishing the personal identity margin system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.6
本文编号：2387403
[Abstract]:The system of notarization compensation is one of the important components of the notarization system, which plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding the rights and interests of the parties involved in notarization matters, standardizing notarization, and improving the credibility of notarization. The notarization Law, which has been in force since 2006, has established the system of notarization compensation from the level of effectiveness of the law for the first time. If the notaries and notaries have caused damage to the interests of the parties and interested parties due to their fault in the course of their practice, they should be compensated. However, at present, the existing legal and normative provisions only make a principled framework for this system. This paper tries to clarify the liability of notaries in the process of notarization compensation through the research and reflection of relevant issues. To establish the necessary ways and safeguard mechanism for the realization of the ultimate interests of the obligee, and then to clarify and perfect the notarization compensation system of our country. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is an overview of notarization compensation system. The so-called system of notarization compensation is the system in which notaries and notaries, in the process of dealing with notarization affairs, should bear the compensation responsibility for the losses suffered by the parties and interested parties due to their own fault. Notarization compensation belongs to civil compensation and should be located in tort liability and expert liability; it has the characteristics of subject determination, complex content, and the purpose is to compensate the obligee for damages, and can realize the functions of preventing disputes, compensating losses and stabilizing social order. Power restriction and right relief are the theoretical basis for setting up the system. The second chapter is the comparative investigation of notarization compensation system in various countries and regions. Under the classification of the civil law system and the common law system, the representative is France, Germany, Britain, the United States and Taiwan, which already have more systematic and mature theory and legal provisions. In the construction of notarization compensation system, our country should base on its own social, economic and cultural soil and notarization system to seek a more suitable way for reference; Based on the principle of fault liability, the system of notarization compensation is established. This is also a common choice for all countries and regions. The content of the third chapter is the problems existing in the notarization compensation system of our country. First of all, it introduces the development of the notarization compensation system in China and the current relevant provisions. Then it analyzes the existing problems from the three angles of notarization liability identification, relief approach and safeguard mechanism, and points out that the constitutive elements and sharing provisions of notarization liability in China are not clear at present. The settlement mechanism of internal compensation disputes in notarization industry has not been completely established; the legal provisions in the process of litigation are not perfect; and there are still gaps in the protection mechanism of notarization compensation. The content of the fourth chapter is to perfect our country notarization compensation system suggestion. First of all, from the fault identification standards, fault form distinction, causality understanding and compensation scope of four aspects of notarization liability to be clear; from the internal and external notary organs to determine the share of liability. Secondly, we should give full play to the self-discipline of notarization industry, establish the adjudication procedure for notarization compensation within the industry, and link up with litigation effectively. Third, the notarization dispute involves litigation, the notarization of the status of litigation and defense, burden of proof distribution, related to the effectiveness of notarization of four issues. Finally, the paper puts forward to perfect the system of notarization compensation by refining the standard of collecting notarized compensation fund, strengthening the fund management, clarifying the scope of notarization liability insurance payment and establishing the personal identity margin system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.6
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