检察机关民事起诉权比较研究

发布时间：2019-03-17 11:39

【摘要】：赋予检察机关在民事诉讼中的广泛职权是各国法制的普遍现象。民事检察制度是各国法治向深层次进化的产物,具有重要的理论和现实意义。我国当前的民事检察监督的内涵比较单一,事实上仅局限于对法院审判活动的事后的民事抗诉。随着社会经济发展、时代背景变化、和法治环境的改善,我们应当重新阐释民事检察监督的内涵,完善单一僵化的民事检察监督的理论基础,健全仅有抗诉权的监督制度,赋予我国检察机关民事起诉权,更全面地履行检察机关在民事法律实施方面的法律监督职能。本文重点探讨了我国当前赋予检察机关民事起诉权所需要的理论基础和制度建设路径方式。当前应当坚持我国宪法上赋予的检察机关法律监督者地位,与时俱进,不断充实和完善检察机关的民事监督职权。同时,要协调好民事检察监督与民事司法独立、民事诉权保障之间的关系,避免冲突,更好地发挥检察监督在民事司法体制中的价值功能。民事起诉权是基于检察机关法律监督权转化而来,属于宪法上的国家权力配置机制,应当得到尊重和坚持。检察机关在民事诉讼中履行监督职能,完成维护公共利益的使命,需要通过行使程序性诉讼权利来实现,民事起诉权就是一种有效的程序性权利,缺乏这种程序性权利,检察机关就缺少有效的手段通过诉讼行为来维护公共利益。我国的民事检察监督应当纳入法治轨道,这种监督要有能够进行现实操作的法律职权,而不是空洞的口号。文章通过对中外检察机关在提起民事诉讼方面的立法设计和司法实践的横向比较,以及对我国检察机关民事起诉制度历史沿革的考察,对检察机关民事起诉权的概念加以界定,探讨了设立检察机关民事起诉权的理论依据及其必要性,归纳整理了民事起诉权适用的案件范围,明确了检察机关在民事起诉中的法律地位,对于检察机关提起民事诉讼的程序设计也作了一些思考。
[Abstract]:It is a common phenomenon that procuratorial organs are given extensive powers and powers in civil litigation. Civil procuratorial system is the product of the deep evolution of the rule of law in various countries, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The connotation of our country's current civil procuratorial supervision is relatively single, in fact, it is limited to the afterwards civil protest to the court's trial activities. With the development of social economy, the change of times background and the improvement of legal environment, we should re-interpret the connotation of civil procuratorial supervision, perfect the theoretical basis of single rigid civil procuratorial supervision, and perfect the supervisory system with only the right of protest. The procuratorial organ of our country is endowed with civil prosecutorial power to carry out the legal supervision function of procuratorial organ in the field of civil law enforcement more comprehensively. This paper focuses on the theoretical basis and the way of system construction which is needed to confer civil prosecution power on procuratorial organs in our country. At present, we should adhere to the status of procuratorial organs as legal overseers, keep pace with the times, and constantly enrich and improve the civil supervisory powers of procuratorial organs. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between the civil procuratorial supervision and the independence of civil judicature and the guarantee of civil litigation right, avoid the conflict, and give full play to the value function of procuratorial supervision in the civil judicial system. The civil prosecution power is based on the transformation of the procuratorial organ's legal supervision power, belongs to the constitutional mechanism of the allocation of state power, and should be respected and adhered to. It is necessary for procuratorial organs to carry out supervision function in civil litigation and fulfill the mission of safeguarding public interest. Civil prosecution right is an effective procedural right, lacking of this kind of procedural right, which needs to be realized through the exercise of procedural rights. Procuratorial organs lack effective means to safeguard the public interest through litigation. Our country's civil procuratorial supervision should be brought into the orbit of rule of law, such supervision should have the legal authority that can carry on the realistic operation, not the empty slogan. Through the horizontal comparison of the legislative design and judicial practice of Chinese and foreign procuratorial organs in bringing civil litigation, as well as the historical evolution of the civil prosecution system of procuratorial organs in China, the concept of civil prosecutorial power of procuratorial organs is defined in this paper. This paper probes into the theoretical basis and necessity of establishing the civil prosecutorial power of the procuratorial organ, sums up the applicable scope of the civil prosecutorial power, and clarifies the legal status of the procuratorial organ in the civil prosecution. Some thoughts have also been made on the procedure design of civil litigation brought by procuratorial organs.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.3;D925.1

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